DNA and Protein Synthesis Review

Each nucleotide has 3 parts.

1. Phosphate group

2. Sugar (deoxyribose)

3. Nitrogenous Base

   1. Adenine

   2. Cytosine

   3. Thymine or Uracil

   4. Guanine

​

Nucleic Acids are made of nucleotides.

Nucleotides are often shaped like spiral ladders.

• THE SIDES OF THE LADDER are made up of the sugar and the phosphate group.

• THE "RUNGS" (MIDDLE) OF THE LADDER is made up of the nitrogenous bases.

Multiple Choice

Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?

• deoxyribose sugar and adenine

• deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond

• deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus

• deoxyribose sugar and phosphate

Multiple Choice

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

• sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base

• sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base

• sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base

• sugar, phosphate, protein

Multiple Choice

Name this structure

• double helix

• nucelotide

• twisted ladder

• hydrogen bond

Multiple Choice

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.) 

• amino acids

• nucleotides

• fatty acids

• polysaccharides

FUNCTION - Store genetic information; nitrogen bases code for proteins and traits.

DNA

​​RNA

STRUCTURE -

• Double stranded = Double Helix

• Sugar = deoxyribose

• Nitrogen Bases - Thymine <--> Adenine

  Cytosine <--> Guanine

FUNCTION - transfer code from DNA to ribosomes to make proteins

STRUCTURE -

• Single stranded

• Sugar = ribose

• Nitrogen Bases - URACIL <--> Adenine

  Cytosine <--> Guanine

Multiple Choice

What determines the code that a DNA molecule contains?

• The Shape of the Nitrogen Bases

• The Order of the Nitrogen Bases

• The Color of the Nitrogen Bases

• The Number of Nitrogen Bases

Multiple Choice

The green pentagon labeled A is what part of the nucleotide?

• sugar

• nitrogen base

• hydrogen bonds

• phosphate

Multiple Choice

The blue circle labeled B is what part of the nucleotide?

• sugar

• nitrogen base

• hydrogen bonds

• phosphate

Multiple Choice

The yellow rectangle labeled C is what part of the nucleotide?

• sugar

• nitrogen base

• hydrogen bonds

• phosphate

Multiple Choice

Type of nucleic acid

• DNA

• RNA

• Both DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

Stores genetic information in the nucleus

• DNA

• RNA

• Both DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

Carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome

• DNA

• RNA

• Both DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

Made of nucleotides

• DNA

• RNA

• Both DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

Contains the sugar ribose

• DNA

• RNA

• Both DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

Contains the sugar deoxyribose

• DNA

• RNA

• Both DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

has a double helix shape

• DNA

• RNA

• Both DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

is single stranded

• DNA

• RNA

• Both DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

matches adenine with uracil

• DNA

• RNA

• Both DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

matches adenine with thymine

• DNA

• RNA

• Both DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

matches cytosine with guanine

• DNA

• RNA

• Both DNA and RNA

1. DNA is unzipped to expose bases.

2. RNA polymerase binds to DNA and adds complementary RNA nucleotides one at a time to make mRNA.

3. Non-coding regions of RNA are cut out.

4. mRNA leaves the nucleus.

​Protein Synthesis Part 1

STRUCTURE -

• Double stranded = Double Helix

• Sugar = deoxyribose

• Nitrogen Bases - Thymine --> Adenine

  Cytosine --> Guanine

​The first step in protein synthesis is called TRANSCRIPTION!

Multiple Choice

What is the process that makes a complementary mRNA strand from a DNA strand?

• protein synthesis

• transcription

• translation

• DNA Polymerase

Multiple Choice

Through the process of transcription, DNA makes a complimentary strand of

• DNA

• RNA

• CNA

• PLB

Multiple Choice

After transcription mRNA goes from the nucleus to the _________.

• Ribosome

• Mitochondria

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Vacuoles

Multiple Choice

The first step of protein synthesis is.....

• replication

• mitosis

• translation

• transcription

Multiple Choice

Where is DNA made into RNA?

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Cell Membrane

Multiple Choice

If a DNA sequence is GCA, what will the mRNA sequence be after transcription?

• CGU

• UGA

• CGG

• CGT

Multiple Choice

If a DNA sequence is TCA, what will the mRNA sequence be after transcription?

• CGU

• UGA

• AGU

• CGT

1. mRNA attaches to a ribosome.

2. Ribosome lines up tRNA molecules with codes that complement the mRNA. Each tRNA carries an amino acid.

3. As they line up, amino acids bond to each other in a long chain, eventually forming a protein.

​Protein Synthesis Part 2

​The first step in protein synthesis is called TRANSLATION!

Multiple Choice

Which phrase best describes translation?

• converts mRNA into a polypeptide (protein)

• catalyzes bonds between amino acids

• produces RNA from DNA molecules

• recycles tRNA molecules for reuse

Multiple Choice

Where is RNA made into protein?

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Cell Membrane

Multiple Choice

RNA goes to the ribosome where it is used as a guide to attach amino acids together. Amino acids in a chain is a protein

• This is Transcription.

• This is Translation.

Multiple Choice

Find the amino acid that this segment of RNA codes for: GAC

• Arginine

• Asparagine

• Aspartic Acid

• Alanine

Multiple Choice

Find the amino acid that this segment of DNA codes for: GAC

• Leucine

• Serine

• Aspartic Acid

• Histine

Multiple Choice

Find the amino acid that this segment of RNA codes for: UUG

• Glycine

• Asparagine

• Lysine

• Leucine