Mini-Lesson: Energy Transfer and Transformation (Big Idea 11)

Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer and Transformation

The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Standards

• ​​Recognize that adding heat to or removing heat from a system may result in a temperature change and possibly a change of state. (SC.7.P.11.1 - DOK 1)

• Investigate and describe the transformation of energy from one form to another. (SC.7.P.11.2 - DOK 2)

• Cite evidence to explain that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only changed from one form to another. (SC.7.P.11.3 - DOK 3)

• Observe and describe that heat flows in predictable ways, moving from warmer objects to cooler ones until they reach the same temperature. (SC.7.P.11.4 - DOK 2)

Multiple Choice

Emma constructed a simple motor. When connected correctly, the coil of copper wire spins. Which of the following best describes the energy transformation that takes place between the paper clips and the spinning coil?

• Chemical energy transforms into electrical energy.

• Mechanical energy transforms into chemical energy.

• Mechanical energy transforms into electrical energy.

• Electrical energy transforms into mechanical energy.

Multiple Choice

Mrs. Aldaco added a room-temperature copper (Cu) cube and an aluminum (Al) cube that she just removed from the freezer to a beaker of boiling water. She left the cubes in the water for three hours. Which of the following describes a heat flow that took place during those three hours?

• from the aluminum cube to the beaker

• from the copper cube to the boiling water

• from the aluminum cube to the copper cube

• from the boiling water to the aluminum cube

Multiple Choice

The transfer of heat can cause changes in rock. Which of the following describes the role heat plays at a specific point in the first diagram?

• At point 1, removing heat causes melting.

• At point 2, removing heat causes solidifying.

• At point 3, adding heat causes solidifying.

• At point 4, adding heat causes melting.

Multiple Choice

According to the law of conservation of energy, which of these will happen?

• Some chemical energy will be destroyed, and some will be changed into light and heat.

• The amount of chemical energy used will equal the amount of energy given off as light and heat.

• The amount of chemical energy used will be less than the amount of energy given off as light and heat.

• The amount of chemical energy used will be greater than the amount of energy given off as light and heat.

Multiple Choice

Two objects at different temperatures are arranged as shown in the diagram. If the objects are left in contact with each other, which of the following describes what will occur?

• Heat will flow from object X to object Y until object Y is warmer than object X.

• Heat will flow from object Y to object X until object X is cooler than object Y.

• Heat will flow from object Y to object X until both are the same temperature.

• Heat will flow from object X to object Y until both are the same temperature.

Multiple Choice

When a hot plate is plugged in and turned on, it can be used to cook food. Which of the following best describes the energy transformation that takes place in a hot plate?

• Chemical energy is transformed into thermal energy.

• Electrical energy is transformed into thermal energy.

• Thermal energy is transformed into mechanical energy.

• Electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy.

Multiple Choice

Mr. James poured the same amount of water, but at different temperatures, into the two beakers shown below. He placed the two beakers in a room with an air temperature of 20°C. He left the beakers in the room for two hours.

Which of the following describes a direct flow of heat that took place during those two hours?

• from Beaker A to the air

• from the air to Beaker A

• from the air to Beaker B

• from Beaker B to Beaker A

Multiple Choice

The diagram show- a simple generator connected to a light bulb. Turning the wire coil between the poles of the magnet causes a current to flow to the bulb.

Which of the following best describes the energy transformations that take place in the system shown?

• chemical energy to magnetic energy to thermal energy

• electrical energy to mechanical energy to thermal energy

• magnetic energy to electrical energy to electromagnetic energy

• mechanical energy to electrical energy to electromagnetic energy

Multiple Choice

When gasoline is used to run a motorcycle, the motorcycle's engine makes a noise, the headlights light up, and the wheels turn. Which of the following is an example

of potential energy?

• the energy given off by the headlights

• the energy given off by the engine

• the energy stored in the gasoline

• the energy of the turning wheels

Multiple Choice

The drawing shows the cars of a roller coaster racing down the track. How does the Law of Conservation of Energy best explain the energy of the cars on the track?

• The kinetic energy of the cars is being transformed into potential energy.

• The cars have potential energy, but no kinetic energy.

• The potential energy of the cars is being transformed into kinetic energy.

• The cars have kinetic energy, but no potential energy.

Multiple Choice

The drawing shows three different positions of a skier as she descends a snow-packed hill. Which statement about the skier is correct?

• The skier’s kinetic energy is higher at point A than at point B.

• The skier’s kinetic energy is lower at point C than at point B.

• The skier’s potential energy is lower at point A than at point C.

• The skier’s potential energy is higher at point B than at point C.

Multiple Choice

Energy can occur in many forms. Which of the following terms best describes kinetic energy?

• motion

• length

• height

• volume

Multiple Choice

A high-speed collision between two vehicles causes more damage than a low-speed collision. What is the reason for this?

• Vehicles traveling at a high speed have no potential energy.

• Vehicles traveling at a low speed have no potential energy.

• Vehicles traveling at a high speed have more kinetic energy than vehicles traveling at lower speeds.

• Vehicles traveling at a low speed have more kinetic energy than vehicles traveling at higher speeds

Multiple Choice

Energy can be transformed from one type to another. In which of the following situations is kinetic energy transformed into potential energy?

• when a boulder rolls down a mountain

• when a water tank ruptures and water flows out

• when a tree branch falls toward the ground

• when a ball is thrown straight up into the air

Multiple Choice

Look closely at the illustration. According to the law of conservation of energy, what happened to the energy of the ball in the illustration?

• Both the potential energy and the kinetic energy remained unchanged.

• Potential energy was transformed into kinetic energy.

• The amount of total energy in the ball increased.

• The amount of total energy in the ball decreased.

Multiple Choice

The temperature inside of a classroom is measured to be 26°C. Which of the following temperatures could result from heat being transferred into the room?

• 30 °C

• 20 °C

• 10 °C

• 0 °C

Multiple Choice

The transfer of energy as heat occurs all around us. When a warmer stream flows into a cooler lake, which of the following happens?

• The stream water absorbs cold from the lake water.

• The lake water transfers heat to the stream water.

• The stream water transfers heat to the lake water.

• The lake water absorbs cold from the stream water.

Multiple Choice

A large piece of a glacier broke off into the ocean. What is expected to happen to the ocean water? Which of the following heat transfers would you predict will occur?

• Heat will flow from the water to the ice.

• Heat will flow from the ice to the water.

• Cold will flow from the water to the ice.

• Cold will flow from the ice to the water.

Multiple Choice

What cannot happen to energy according to the Law of Conservation of Energy?

• energy cannot be created

• energy cannot be changed

• energy cannot be converted

• energy cannot be transformed

Multiple Choice

When you bend a glow stick, a small chamber inside breaks, releasing a substance that reacts with other substances inside the glow stick. The reaction that takes place causes the glow stick to glow. What energy transformation takes place when a glow stick is lit?

• sound energy to light energy

• chemical energy to light energy

• thermal energy to light energy

• electrical energy to light energy

Multiple Choice

Mark rubs his hands together quickly on a winter evening. Why does rubbing your hands together help warm them?

• heat is absorbed for the air by the hands

• heat is generated by mechanical energy being converted to heat energy

• heat is conducted between two hands when they are touching

• heat is transferred back and forth between two hands when they are close together

Multiple Choice

When a desk lamp is turned on, which of the following processes occur?

• light energy is converted to mechanical energy

• stored light energy is released

• stored thermal energy is released

• electrical energy is converted to light energy

Multiple Choice

Anthony has constructed the circuit shown in the diagram below. When the switch is closed, electrical charges flow through the circuit, causing the clapper to move. The clapper strikes the bell, causing it to ring. Which of the following best describes the energy transformation that takes place

between the clapper and the bell?

• Mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy.

• Electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy.

• Mechanical energy is transformed into sound energy.

• Electrical energy is transformed into sound energy.

Multiple Choice

At noon, two objects were arranged as shown in the diagram below. For one hour, heat flowed from object T to object S. Based on this information, which of the following best compares the two objects?

• At noon, the temperature of object T was lower than the temperature of object S.

• At noon, the temperature of object T was higher than the temperature of object S.

• At noon, the temperature of object T was the same as the temperature of object S.

• At 1:00 p.m., the temperature of object S was higher than the temperature of object T.

Multiple Choice

Energy can be transformed from one form into another. Which of the following is an example of electrical energy being transformed into mechanical energy?

• an electric fan turning

• an electric light glowing

• a drummer playing a drum

• a river turning a water wheel