EoT-2 ASP Biology Revision

EoT-2 9 ASP Biology Revision

Multiple Choice

What is a punnett square?

• graph used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring in a given cross

• a graph used to predict the possible birth rate of offspring.

• a graph used to predict the possible behavioral characteristics an offspring could have

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

A green pea plant (Gg) is crossed with a yellow pea plant (gg). Describe the genotype of the offspring. (Be sure to remember that the capital letter is dominant).

• 50% heterozygous and 25% homozygous recessive

• 50% heterozygous and 50% homozygous recessive

• 100% homozygous recessive

• 25% heterozygous and 50% homozygous

Multiple Choice

Dominant alleles are represented by a:

• Male gene

• lowercase letter

• recessive trait

• capital letter

Multiple Choice

Cells that have only one chromosome from each pair

• meiosis

• haploid

• homologous

• diploid

Multiple Select

What are the two functions of meiosis? (Choose two.)

• To reduce the number of chromosomes by half

• To produce identical cells

• To produce gametes (egg and sperm)

• To grow a multicellular organism

Multiple Choice

Name this phase of meiosis. 

• Prophase 1

• Metaphase 1

• Anaphase 2

• Telophase 1

Multiple Choice

Where does an off spring get its traits in asexual reproduction?

• From both parents

• From only one parent

• From neither parent

• There are no traits handed down

Multiple Choice

Mitosis occurs in a:

• Sex cell

• Somatic cell (body cells)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an external regulator of cell division

• genetics

• HGH (human growth hormone)

• cancer

• cell size

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose the the cell cycle checkpoints?

• To prevent damaged cells before from dividing.

• To remove damaged cells from an organism.

Multiple Choice

What phase of mitosis is occuring in the picture?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Cytokinesis

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

How many cell cycle checkpoints are there?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Programmed cell death is called

• apoptosis
• cytokinesis
• interphase
• cancer

Multiple Choice

What is the first checkpoint of the cell cycle?

• Mitosis checkpoint

• G₁ checkpoint

• G₂ checkpoint

Multiple Choice

Meiosis occurs in a:

• Sex cell (reproductive cells)

• Somatic cell (body cells)

Multiple Choice

Uncontrolled cell division is stopped by...

• cell cycle checkpoints

• cancer

Multiple Choice

Cancer that has the ability to spread 

• somatic
• benign
• malignant
• diploid

Multiple Choice

This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure environmental conditions are ideal for cell division.

• G1 Checkpoint

• G2 Checkpoint

• M Checkpoint

Multiple Choice

Sexual reproduction requires _____ parents and asexual reproduction requires ___ parents

• 1,1
• 2,2
• 2,1
• 1,2 

Multiple Choice

This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure DNA has been replicated correctly during S phase.

• G1 Checkpoint

• G2 Checkpoint

• M Checkpoint

Multiple Choice

A cancerous tumor that does not spread to other areas 

• benign
• carcinogenic
• malignant
• metastisized

Multiple Choice

This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure the correct number of chromosomes are present and attached to spindle microtubules.

• G1 Checkpoint

• G2 Checkpoint

• M Checkpoint

• I Checkpoint

Multiple Choice

How many divisions take place in mitosis?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

✓ No DNA damage

✓ Sufficient resources

• G1 checkpoint

• S checkpoint

• G2 checkpoint

• M checkpoint

Multiple Choice

When cancer spreads to other areas of the body, it is said to have

• metastisized
• benigned
• tumored
• localized

Multiple Choice

✓ DNA without damage

✓ Chromosome set complete

✓ Enough cell components

• G1 checkpoint

• M checkpoint

• G2 checkpoint

Multiple Choice

Name this phase of meiosis.

• Metaphase 2
• Prophase 1
• Anaphase 1
• Metaphase 1

Multiple Choice

✓ All sister chromatids attached to mitotic spindle

• G1 checkpoint

• M checkpoint

• G2 checkpoint

Multiple Choice

Substances that cause cells to become cancer cells are known as

• cyclins
• carcinogens
• kinases
• growth factors

Multiple Choice

Name the 3 checkpoints of the cell cycle

• Anaphase checkpoint, mitosis/metaphase checkpoint, and telophase checkpoint

• Interphase checkpoint, S phase checkpoint, and M phase checkpoint

• G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and S phase checkpoint

• G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and M checkpoint

Multiple Choice

How many divisions take place in meiosis?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Which 2 enzyme types are responsible for each checkpoint during the cell cycle?

• CDK (cyclin dependent kinase) and cyclins

• CDK and tetracyclines

• CPR's and cyclins

• p53 and CDK

Multiple Choice

Cancer treatment that uses medicine to kill cells that are rapidly dividing

• radiation
• surgery
• acupuncture
• chemotherapy

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is correct for checkpoint X?

• examines whether all the sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle insuring a proper separation during mitosis.

• checks whether internal and external conditions are right for division. Including cell size, nutrients, growth factors and DNA damage

• checks the DNA integrity and replication.

Multiple Choice

All of the offspring of an organism have the same genetic material, which is identical to the parent organism. From this, we can conclude that this organism -

• makes its own food

• is unicellular

• live in a marine habitat

• reproduces asexually

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is correct for checkpoint Y?

• examines whether all the sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle insuring a proper separation during mitosis.

• checks whether internal and external conditions are right for division. Including cell size, nutrients, growth factors and DNA damage

• checks the DNA integrity and replication.

Multiple Choice

Cells which never stop growing and dividing

• cancer cells
• brain cells
• fat cells
• skin cells

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is correct for checkpoint Z?

• examines whether all the sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle insuring a proper separation during mitosis.

• checks whether internal and external conditions are right for division. Including cell size, nutrients, growth factors and DNA damage

• checks the DNA integrity and replication.

Multiple Choice

How many cells are created at the end of mitosis?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

The attached image is an example of __________.

• mitosis

• cancer

• Apoptosis

• normal cells

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be considered to be a carcinogen (causes cancer)?

• tobacco smoke
• broccoli
• aspirin
• tomatoes

Multiple Choice

Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.

• 23, 46
• 46, 23
• 2, 4
• 50, 100

Multiple Choice

How many cells are created at the end of meiosis?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Penguins lay 1-2 fertilized eggs that the male and female take turns incubating on their feet. What type of reproduction does this example represent?

• Sexual reproduction

• Asexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

How many chromosomes are in a human cell at the end of mitosis?

• 23

• 26

• 43

• 46

Multiple Choice

Name this phase of meiosis. 

• Prophase 1
• Prophase 2
• Anaphase 1
• Telophase 1

Multiple Choice

How many chromosomes are in a human cell at the end of meiosis II?

• 23

• 26

• 43

• 46

Multiple Choice

Reproducing asexually will produce offspring ...

• genetically different from each other

• genetically identical to the parent

Multiple Choice

Daughter cells are identical to parent cell.

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

The type of reproduction in which the genetic material from two different cells combine

• budding
• chromosomes
• diploid
• sexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

Important for growth and repair.

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

This process is NOT a type of asexual reproduction ...

• fusion

• binary fission

Multiple Choice

No pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs.

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Name this phase of meiosis.

• Telophase 2
• Prophase 2
• Telophase 1
• Metaphase 1

Multiple Choice

Crossing over occurs during Prophase I.

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes the main advantages of sexual reproduction?

• requires lots of time/energy

• no new gene can arise

• genetic variation

• looks identical to the parent

Multiple Choice

Occurs only to produce gametes (sex cells)

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Process A in the figure is ___________ while process B is ______________.

• fertilization, meiosis

• meiosis, fertilization

• gamete, zygot

• zygot, embryo

Multiple Choice

Cells that have only one chromosome from each pair

• meiosis
• haploid
• homologous
• diploid

Multiple Choice

 A general name for a sex cell (egg or sperm) is a: 

• zygote
• gene
• offspring
• gamete

Multiple Choice

Crossing over occurs in which phase ?

• metaphase I
• anaphaseII
• telophaseII
• prohase I

Multiple Choice

Name this phase of meiosis.

• Anaphase 2
• Telophase 1
• Anaphase 1
• Prophase 2

Multiple Choice

A fertilized egg is called

• egg
• lettuce
• zygote
• sperm

Multiple Choice

Which reproduction requires 2 parents?

• asexual

• sexual

• neither

Multiple Choice

Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?

• mitosis, gametes
• mitosis, body cells
• meiosis, gametes
• meiosis, body cells

Multiple Choice

In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.

• recessive
• dominant
• lower case letter
• both 

Multiple Choice

What is it called when a sperm and egg meet?

• meiosis
• fertilization
• cell division
• mitosis

Multiple Choice

Name this phase of meiosis.

• Prophase 1
• Metaphase 1
• Anaphase 2
• Prophase 2

Multiple Choice

The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  

• homozygous 
• asexual
• homologous
• genes

Multiple Select

Which of the following is TRUE for the cell labelled X in the figure? (choose two)

• It is a zygot

• It is produced by meiosis

• It is produced by fertilization

• It is a gamete (sperm and egg)

Multiple Choice

A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?

• 20
• 40
• 80
• 160

Multiple Choice

Name this phase of meiosis.

• Telophase 2
• Telophase 1
• Metaphase 1
• Anaphase 2

Multiple Choice

Crossing over helps promote 

• male genotype
• genetic variation
• DNA replication
• mitosis

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells are produced from meiosis ?

• 10
• 6
• 4
• 2

Multiple Choice

Chromosomes exchange genetic material during 

• crossing over
• replication
• synthesis
• translation

Multiple Choice

Name this process that occurs in Prophase 1 of meiosis.

• Replication
• Crossing Over
• Transcription
• Cross keying

Multiple Choice

A human zygote should have _____ chromosomes inside.

• 46
• 23
• 92
• 64

Multiple Select

Which of the following is TRUE for the cell labelled Y in the figure? (choose two)

• It is a zygot

• It is produced by meiosis

• It is produced by fertilization

• It is a gamete (sperm and egg)

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown in the diagram?

• anaphase I
• anaphase II
• metaphase I
• metaphase II

Multiple Choice

Name this phase of meiosis.

• Prophase 1
• Metaphase 2
• Metaphase 1
• Anaphase 1

Multiple Choice

What phase of meiosis is shown?

• metaphase I
• metaphase II
• prophase I
• prophase II

Multiple Choice

A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a tall plant (Tt). What is the phenotype of the offspring?

• 50% homozygous dominant; 50% heterozygous; 100% tall
• 100% homozygous dominant; 100% tall
• 25% homozygous dominant; 75% heterozygous; 100% short
• 50% homozygous dominant; 50% heterozygous; 100% short

Multiple Choice

Which of these cells would be produced through meiosis?

• skin cells
• liver cells
• brain cells
• sperm cells

Multiple Choice

Cells undergoing mitosis go through interphase, while cells undergoing meiosis do not go through interphase.    True or False

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown in the diagram?

• prophase I
• prophase II
• metaphase I
• metaphase II

Multiple Choice

What process is illustrated in the figure?

• meiosis

• fertilization

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown in the diagram?

• Metaphase I
• Metaphase II
• Prophase I
• Anaphase II

Multiple Choice

Structure Labeled X is known as __________.

• sister chromatids

• chromatin

• crossing over

• homologous chromosomes

Multiple Choice

What phase is represented?

• prophase I
• prophase II
• telophase I
• telophase 2

Multiple Choice

How many cells are produced during telophase I ?

• 4
• 8
• 2
• 0

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is TRUE for Meiosis?

I. It produces gametes

II . produces 4 genetically unique cells

III. it is asexual reproduction.

• I only

• II only

• I and II only

• I and III only

Multiple Choice

Structure Labeled Y is known as __________.

• sister chromatids

• chromatin

• crossing over

• homologous chromosomes

Multiple Select

Which of the following will take place only in Meiosis?

• Homologous chromosomes pair together

• Centromeres divide and sister chromatids are separated by spindle fibers

• Occurs only in reproductive cells

• Four haploid cells are produced

• Crossing over occurs

Multiple Choice

What process is illustrated in the figure?

• meiosis

• fertilization

Multiple Choice

What you see, or the physical appearance.

• Genotype
• Phenotype
• Homozygous
• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

What is produced by the end of this process?

• gamete (sperm and egg)

• Zygote (fertilized egg)

Multiple Choice

The female sex cell is called

• zygote
• sperm
• fertilization
• egg

Multiple Choice

What is produced by the end of this process?

• gamete (sperm and egg)

• Zygote (fertilized egg)

Multiple Choice

In a punnet square where are the parent alleles written?

• Top and inside the boxes
• Only on the left and right side of the boxes. 
• outside of the boxes (top and left side)
• All on the top side of the boxes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes an embryo?

• Fertilized egg

• The early stage of human development, roughly corresponding to the 5th-10th weeks of pregnancy

• a developing baby beginning in the 11th week of pregnancy. Where organs are formed, arms and legs.

Multiple Choice

The male sex cell is called

• egg
• zygote
• sperm
• mitosis

Multiple Choice

Which labeled stage represent the fetus?

• X

• Y

• Z

Multiple Choice

T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square

• tt
• Tt
• Bb
• TT

Multiple Choice

Humans have how may chromosomes ?

• 112
• 46
• 8
• 67

Multiple Choice

A tall plant (Tt) is crossed with a short plant (tt). What is the genotype of the offspring?

• 25% heterozygous; 75% homozygous
• 100% homozygous dominant
• 100% heterozygous
• 50% heterozygous; 50% homozygous dominant

Multiple Choice

Name the growth phase of the cell cycle.

• metaphase
• telophase
• interphase
• anaophase

Multiple Choice

What ratio of the offspring from the cross shown will be homozygous recessive for the  trait of tallness? 

• 0 in 4
• 1 in 4
• 2 in 4
• 4 in 4

Multiple Choice

Crossing over occurs in which phase ?

• metaphase I
• anaphaseII
• telophaseII
• prohase I

Multiple Choice

What are the "X" shaped things in the drawing.

• PMATs

• Chromosomes

• Ribosomes

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

A fertilized egg is called

• egg
• lettuce
• zygote
• sperm

Multiple Choice

Which choice best represents the genotype of this cross?

• 1 Yy: 2 yy: 0 YY
• 2 Yy: 2 yy: 0 YY
• 3 Yy: 1 yy: 0 YY
• 1 Yy: 3 yy: 0 YY

Multiple Choice

Identify the phase.

• Metaphase I
• Metaphase II
• Anaphase I
• Anaphase II

Multiple Choice

A tall plant (Tt) is crossed with a short plant (tt). What is the phenotype of the offspring?

• 75% tall; 25% short
• 25% tall; 75% short
• 50% tall; 50% short
• 100% tall

Multiple Choice

After meiosis II the daughter cells will contain ____ chromosomes if the original cell contained 78.

• 78
• 39
• 23
• 46

Multiple Choice

A green pea plant (GG) is being crossed with a green pea plant (Gg). What is the phenotype?

• 100 % rainbow 
• 50% yellow and 50% green 
• 100% green
• 100% yellow 

Multiple Choice

1n indicates that the cell is ____.

• Diploid

• Haploid

Multiple Choice

Each one of the boxes on the Punnett Square represents what probability of an offsprings' genotype?

• 25%
• 1%
• 10%
• 0%

Multiple Choice

Chromosomes that are paired by size and content are called _______ chromosomes.

• homeostasis

• homologous

• matching

• sister

Multiple Choice

A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a tall plant (Tt).  What is the genotype?

• 2 TT: 2 Tt: 0 tt
• 1 TT: 2 Tt: 1 tt
• 2 TT: 1 Tt: 1 tt
• 0 TT: 0 Tt: 4 tt

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows the process of crossing over. Which claim about crossing over in chromosomes is best supported by the diagram?

• Crossing over increases genetic diversity through deletion.

• Crossing over decreases genetic diversity through mutation.

• Crossing over increases genetic diversity by creating new combinations of genes.

• Crossing over decreases genetic diversity by inserting nucleotides into gene sequences.

Multiple Choice

A homozygous dominant brown mouse (BB) is crossed with a heterozygous brown mouse (tan is the recessive color). List the offspring genotype and phenotype.

• 50% homozygous dominant; 50% heterozygous and 100% tan
• 25% homozygous dominant; 75% heterozygous; 100% brown
• 50% homozygous dominant; 50% heterozygous and 100% brown
• 75% homozygous dominant; 25% heterozygous and 100% tan

Multiple Choice

The pair of chromosomes that contain the same genes (but may be coded differently) and are inherited from a male and female parent are termed ___.

• gametes
• alleles
• zygote
• homologs

Multiple Choice

G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...

• GG
• Gg
• gg
• all of the choices result in yellow

Multiple Choice

When does replication of chromosomes occur in animal cell meiosis?

• Before Meiosis I and Meiosis II
• Before Meiosis II Only
• Before Meiosis I Only
• During Prophase I and Prophase II

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose the the cell cycle checkpoints?

• To prevent damaged cells before from dividing.

• To remove damaged cells from an organism.

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the step in the diagram above? 

• Interphase
• Prophase I
• Metaphase I
• Anaphase I

Multiple Choice

B = brown fur  b = white fur
In the punnett square, what is the probability for white fur? 

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 75%

Multiple Choice

A human being has a somatic cell that has 46 chromosomes.  What is the haploid number found in a gamete?

• 23
• 46
• 69
• 92

Multiple Choice

Aa, DD, bB, yy are all examples of

• genotypes
• phenotypes

Multiple Choice

In plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). Perform the following cross: Tt x Tt. What is the probability of producing a short plant?

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 75%

Multiple Choice

Before cells can divide, what must be copied?

• mitochondria
• cytoplasm
• DNA
• Cell Wall

Multiple Choice

How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

AA and Aa always show up as

• dominant
• recessive

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes is homozygous dominant?

• A
• Aa
• AA
• aa

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is heterozygous?

• MM

• Mm

• mm

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?

• Bb
• BB
• bb
• B

Multiple Choice

What ratio of the offspring from the cross shown will be homozygous recessive for the trait of tallness? 

• 0 in 4
• 1 in 4
• 2 in 4
• 4 in 4

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is homozygous dominant?

• Yy
• Y
• yy
• YY

Multiple Choice

What kind of cells are made in MEIOSIS?

• Haploid Gametes

• Diploid Somatic Cells

• Skin Cells

• Liver Cells

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes is homozygous dominant?

• A
• Aa
• AA
• aa

Multiple Choice

In which phase does the cell spend most of it's life?

• Interphase
• Nuclear Division
• Telophase
• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?

• Bb
• BB
• bb
• B

Multiple Choice

A human body (somatic) cell usually has how many chromosomes?

• 6

• 22

• 4

• 46

Multiple Choice

In a flowering plant species, red flower color (R) is dominant over white flower color (r). What is the genotype of any red-flowering plant resulting from this species?

• rr
• R
• RR
• RR or Rr

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is homozygous dominant?

• RR

• Rr

• rr

Multiple Choice

In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.

• recessive
• dominant
• lower case letter
• both 

Multiple Choice

When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _________________ occurs

• crossing over
• mutagenesis
• hybridization
• fertilization

Multiple Choice

What you see, or the physical appearance.

• Genotype
• Phenotype
• Homozygous
• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

The division of the nucleus is known as:

• Synthesis
• Mitosis
• G1
• G2

Multiple Choice

T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square

• tt
• Tt
• Bb
• TT

Multiple Choice

If the Diploid number of Carrots is 18, the haploid number is

• 18
• 9
• 27
• 36

Multiple Choice

aa always shows up as

• dominant
• recessive

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is homozygous recessive?

• QQ

• Qq

• qq

Multiple Choice

Which choice best represents the genotype of this cross?

• 1 Yy: 2 yy: 0 YY
• 2 Yy: 2 yy: 0 YY
• 3 Yy: 1 yy: 0 YY
• 1 Yy: 3 yy: 0 YY

Multiple Choice

The process of crossing over occurs in what phase of meiosis?

• anaphase 1
• prophase 1
• prophase 2
• telophase 1

Multiple Choice

What is the phenotype of the offspring? (A-Brown hair; a-blond hair) 

• 50 % Brown Hair and 50% Blond Hair 
• 25 % Brown Hair and 75% Blond Hair 
• 75 % Brown Hair and 25% Blond Hair 
• 0% Brown Hair and 100% Blond Hair 

Multiple Choice

How many cell cycle checkpoints are there?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

If you have a male with large wings (DD) and a female with small wings (dd). What allele stands for large wings? 

• D
• d
• Dd
• dd

Multiple Choice

The cells produced via meiosis are called:

• sex cells
• somatic cells
• body cells
• skin cells

Multiple Choice

A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a tall plant (Tt).  What is the genotype?

• 2 TT: 2 Tt: 0 tt
• 1 TT: 2 Tt: 1 tt
• 2 TT: 1 Tt: 1 tt
• 0 TT: 0 Tt: 4 tt

Multiple Choice

What term denotes the physical expression of a gene?

• genotype

• phenotype

• appearance

• homologous

Multiple Choice

A green pea plant (GG) is being crossed with a green pea plant (Gg). What is the phenotype?

• 100 % rainbow 
• 50% yellow and 50% green 
• 100% green
• 100% yellow 

Multiple Choice

Why do we need meiosis?

• To double the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
• To halve the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
• To triple the number of chromosomes going into sex cells
• To not change the number of chromosomes going into sex cells

Multiple Choice

A red flower (Rr) is crossed with a white flower (rr). What is the genotype?

• 0 RR; 0 Rr: 4 rr
• 2 RR; 0 Rr: 2 rr
• 4 RR; 0 Rr: 0 rr
• 0 RR; 2 Rr: 2 rr

Multiple Choice

Eukaryotic cells store their genetic information(DNA) in __________.

• Chromosomes
• Centromeres
• karyotypes
• Proteins

Multiple Choice

Two heterozygous red flower (white flowers are recessive) are crossed. What is the phenotype?

• 75% red and 25% white
• 25% red and 75% white
• 100 White 
• 50% red 50% red 

Multiple Choice

If a somatic (body) cell in a butterfly contains 24 chromosomes, a butterfly egg would contain

• 3
• 6
• 12
• 24

Multiple Choice

A homozygous dominant brown mouse is crossed with a heterozygous brown mouse (tan is the recessive color). 

• 100 % tan
• 100 % brown 
• 50 % brown and 50% tan 
• 75 % brown and 25 % tan 

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would produce a recessive phenotype?

• hh

• Rr

• Ww

• BB

Multiple Choice

The result of meiosis is:

• two diploid cells
• two haploid cells
• four diploid cells
• four haploid cells

Multiple Choice

During what phase of Mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the Middle

• Metaphase

• Prophase

• Telophase

• Anaphase

Multiple Choice

What causes genetic variation in meiosis?

• chromosomes lining up
• crossing over of chromosomes
• separation of chromosomes
• chromosomes pulling apart

Multiple Choice

T - tall and t = short
In the punnett square below, what belongs in the missing square

• tt
• Tt
• Bb
• TT

Multiple Choice

The purpose of meiosis is to form ________ cells.

• body
• sex
• somatic
• brain

Multiple Choice

The individual strands on duplicated chromosomes are called_____________

• Centromeres

• daughters

• Chromatids

• Karyotypes

Multiple Choice

The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.

• heterozygous

• asexual

• homologous pairs

• genes

Multiple Choice

If long hair is dominant, and my cat has long hair then his genotype must be

• HH

• hh

• Hh

• HH or Hh because they show the same phenotype

Multiple Choice

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

What is the first checkpoint of the cell cycle?

• Mitosis checkpoint

• G₁ checkpoint

• G₂ checkpoint

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a gamete (sex cell)?

• egg
• sperm
• skin cell
• all of the above are gametes

Multiple Choice

___________________________ is the field of science that studies of how traits are passed on, or inherited.

• dominant traits
• ratio
• phenotype
• genetics

Multiple Choice

What phase is represented?

• metaphase 1
• metaphase 2
• anaphase 1
• anaphase 2

Multiple Choice

The ___________ holds the replicated sister chromatids together.

• centriole

• chromosomes

• centromere

• cycles

Multiple Choice

What phase is represented?

• metaphase 1
• metaphase 2
• anaphase 1
• anaphase 2

Multiple Choice

Which is a true statements about this picture?

• Brown is recessive
• Brown is dominant
• Blue is dominant
• Blue is codominant

Multiple Choice

What process, and which type of resulting cells are represented?

• mitosis, gametes
• mitosis, body cells
• meiosis, gametes
• meiosis, body cells

Multiple Choice

DNA will condense into...

• Centromeres
• Chromosomes
• Nuclei
• Spindle fibers

Multiple Choice

Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells. In humans, sperm and egg cells each have _____ chromosomes. Therefore a fertilized human egg cell (sperm and egg cell combined) would create a cell with _____ chromosomes.

• 23, 46
• 46, 23
• 2, 4
• 50, 100

Multiple Choice

What is a gene?

• An entire chromosome that  codes for a trait
• a piece of clothing
• a piece of a DNA on chromosome that codes for a trait
• Chemical messengers in your brain that code for a trait

Multiple Choice

What is one of the advantages, why is it better to reproduce sexually versus asexually?

• survival of the fittest
• overproduction
• genetic variation
• cloning

Multiple Choice

The cell spends most of it's life in ________________.

• mitosis
• cytokinesis
• Interphase
• None of the above

Multiple Choice

According to the chromosome theory of inheritance, what are carried from parents to their offspring on chromosomes?

• Genes
• Spindle Fibers
• Centrioles
• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

If brown hair is represented by the allele "B" and blond hair is represented by the allele "b" then what must be the genotype of someone who has blond hair?

• BB

• bb

• Bb

• either BB or Bb

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown in the diagram?

• anaphase I
• anaphase II
• metaphase I
• metaphase II

Multiple Choice

Uncontrolled cell division is stopped by...

• cell cycle checkpoints

• cancer

Multiple Choice

What phase of meiosis is shown?

• metaphase I
• metaphase II
• prophase I
• prophase II

Multiple Choice

True or False: An allele is a variation of a certain gene. Example: Different Eye Colors

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown in the diagram?

• prophase I
• prophase II
• metaphase I
• metaphase II

Multiple Choice

When a plant cell goes through cytokinesis , _____________.

• the 2 new nuclei are separated by the cell membrane pinching off.

• 4 new cells are formed

• a cell plate forms, dividing the 2 new nuclei

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

What phase is shown in the diagram?

• Metaphase I
• Metaphase II
• Prophase I
• Anaphase II

Multiple Choice

What is the probability of heterozygous offspring?

• 25%
• 50%
• 0%
• 100%

Multiple Choice

What phase is represented?

• prophase I
• prophase II
• telophase I
• telophase 2

Multiple Choice

PMAT helps us remember the correct order of the phases of Mitosis. Which of the following has the phases of Mitosis in the correct Order

• Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase

• Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Telophase

• Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Multiple Choice

When does DNA replicate?

• interphase
• prophase I
• telophase I
• cytokinesis

Multiple Choice

What is the phenotype of the offspring? (A-Brown hair; a-blond hair) 

• 50 % Brown Hair and 50% Blond Hair 
• 25 % Brown Hair and 75% Blond Hair 
• 75 % Brown Hair and 25% Blond Hair 
• 0% Brown Hair and 100% Blond Hair 

Multiple Choice

When do centromeres split apart during meiosis?

• anaphase I
• anaphase II
• metaphase I
• metaphase II

Multiple Choice

When an animal cell goes through cytokinesis,__________

• a cell plate forms dividing the 2 new nuclei.
• the cell membrane pinches off the 2 new cells.
• 4 new cells are formed.
• None of the above

Multiple Choice

The cell at the top of the diagram is diploid, with 4 chromosomes before meiosis. After the cell goes through both rounds of meiosis, which of the following is most likely a resulting daughter cell?

• cell A
• cell B
• cell C
• cell E

Multiple Choice

Individuals that do not exhibit a trait, but have children that do have the trait must be

• a carrier of that allele, or heterozygous

• have a mutation that is dominant

• be homozygous dominant so the trait is not seen

Multiple Choice

The cell at the top of the diagram is diploid, with 4 chromosomes before meiosis. The cell then goes through DNA replication and will most likely look like which of the following cells?

• cell A
• cell B
• cell C
• cell E

Multiple Choice

This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure environmental conditions are ideal for cell division.

• G1 Checkpoint

• G2 Checkpoint

• M Checkpoint

Multiple Choice

This diagram represents ________.

• crossing over
• chromosomes in love
• random assortment
• G.O.A.T.

Multiple Choice

T2 - Recessive alleles may not be expressed because they are

• masked by the dominant allele
• the least common allele in the population
• the most common allele in the population
• less likely to having crossing over

Multiple Choice

Name this phase of meiosis. 

• Prophase 1
• Metaphase 1
• Anaphase 2
• Telophase 1

Multiple Choice

As a cell increases in size, the surface area to volume ratio _________________.

• increases
• decreases
• stays the same

Multiple Choice

T2 - An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.

• recessive allele
• dominant allele
• hidden allele
• present allele

Multiple Choice

What phase of mitosis is pictured?

• Metaphase
• Telophase
• Prophase
• Anaphase

Multiple Choice

T2 - Which observation of dihybrid crosses led to Mendel's law of independent assortment

• Particular individual traits persisted for many generations
• Many combinations of traits were always inherited together
• Some combinations of traits were not passed onto offspring
• The presence of one trait didn't affect the presence of another

Multiple Choice

Put the following stages of mitosis in order: anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase. 

• prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
• prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
• prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
• prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase

Multiple Choice

T3 - having two of the same alleles for the trait (sometimes called purebred).

• homozygous
• hetrozygous
• protein
• chromosome

Multiple Choice

This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure DNA has been replicated correctly during S phase.

• G1 Checkpoint

• G2 Checkpoint

• M Checkpoint

Multiple Choice

T3 - What does heterozygous mean?

• An organism that has the same alleles for a trait (TT or tt)
• An organism that has different alleles for a trait (Tt)
• When neither allele is fully dominant; offspring is a mixture of both
• the different forms of a trait (hair color--> brown, blonde, red

Multiple Choice

Put the following in order: G2, G1, S, mitosis, cytokinesis. 

• G1, G2, S, Mitosis, cytokinesis
• G1, S, G2, Mitosis, cytokinesis
• G1, G2, S, cytokinesis, mitosis
• G1, S, G2, cytokinesis, mitosis

Multiple Choice

T3 - Which of the following is a genotype?

• long hair
• blue eyes
• Gg
• tall

Multiple Choice

In which phase of Mitosis do the Chromosomes pull Apart

• Metaphase

• Prophase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

T3 - Having two different alleles for a trait (sometimes called hybrid).

• protein
• homozygous
• heterozygous
• genotype

Multiple Choice

Name the phase:

• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Metaphase
• Prophase

Multiple Choice

What goes in box 13

• ABab
• abab
• ABAB
• AbAb

Multiple Choice

This is the cell cycle checkpoint that makes sure the correct number of chromosomes are present and attached to spindle microtubules.

• G1 Checkpoint

• G2 Checkpoint

• M Checkpoint

• I Checkpoint

Multiple Choice

If R is dominant for round and Y is dominant for yellow. Based off this Punnett Square, how many seeds will be round, yellow seeds?

• 9

• 3

• 1

• 16

Multiple Choice

Name the phase:

• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Metaphase
• Prophase

Multiple Choice

What is ratio of the offspring from the cross shown will be homozygous recessive for the trait of tallness? T = tall t = short

• 0 in 4

• 1 in 4

• 2 in 4

• 4 in 4

Multiple Choice

Which is Metaphase?

• A
• E
• C
• F

Multiple Choice

Each one of the boxes on the Punnett square represents what probability of an offspring's genotype?

• 25%

• 1%

• 10%

• 0%

Multiple Choice

Name the phase:

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Multiple Choice

B = brown fur b = white fur

In the punnett square, what is the probability for white fur?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

Multiple Choice

✓ No DNA damage

✓ Sufficient resources

• G1 checkpoint

• S checkpoint

• G2 checkpoint

• M checkpoint

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes is homozygous dominant?

• A
• Aa
• AA
• aa

Multiple Choice

Name the phase:

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of Mitosis?

• Growth of an organism and Repair of damaged tissue

• To help the body get rid of extra cells

• To increase the amount of classwork you have to do

• To get rid of the nucleus

Multiple Choice

Name the phase:

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Multiple Choice

✓ DNA without damage

✓ Chromosome set complete

✓ Enough cell components

• G1 checkpoint

• M checkpoint

• G2 checkpoint

Multiple Choice

Where does a cell contain it's genetic material?

• nucleus
• nucleolus
• cytoskeleton
• golgi

Multiple Choice

Name the phase:

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Which of the following phrases best describes cytokenesis

• division of the cytoplasm
• division of the nucleus
• division of DNA
• division of surface area

Multiple Choice

✓ All sister chromatids attached to mitotic spindle

• G1 checkpoint

• M checkpoint

• G2 checkpoint

Multiple Choice

Which is Metaphase?

• A
• E
• C
• F

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the structure labeled X that make spindle fibers?

• Centriole

• Centrosome

• Chromatid

• Chromosome

Multiple Choice

What does NOT happen during interphase?

• growth
• DNA replication 
• obtaining nutrients
• cell divison

Multiple Choice

Name the 3 checkpoints of the cell cycle

• Anaphase checkpoint, mitosis/metaphase checkpoint, and telophase checkpoint

• Interphase checkpoint, S phase checkpoint, and M phase checkpoint

• G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and S phase checkpoint

• G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and M checkpoint

Multiple Choice

Chromatin refers to DNA that is...

• old and needs to be dissolved. 
• completely unwound and ready for replication. 
• tightly bound into chromosome-like structures. 
• relaxed like a bowl of spaghetti. 

Multiple Choice

Which phase comes NEXT?

• prophase
• metaphase
• anaphase
• telophase

Multiple Choice

Cell division is represented by what letter?

• A
• B
• C
• D

Multiple Choice

Which 2 enzyme types are responsible for each checkpoint during the cell cycle?

• CDK (cyclin dependent kinase) and cyclins

• CDK and tetracyclines

• CPR's and cyclins

• p53 and CDK

Multiple Choice

What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?

• it changes the chromatin to chromosome
• duplicate the DNA
• breaks down the membrane
• separates the chromatids.

Multiple Choice

One pair of identical chromosomes joined together by a centromere

• Chromosome

• Centriole

• Sister Chromatid

• DNA

Multiple Choice

What happens in prophase of mitosis?

• The chromosomes become visible; nucleus disappear; spindles form

• The chromosomes align in the middle of the cell

• The sister chromatids separate

• The chromosomes uncoil into chromatin; nucleus reappears; spindles disappear

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is correct for checkpoint X?

• examines whether all the sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle insuring a proper separation during mitosis.

• checks whether internal and external conditions are right for division. Including cell size, nutrients, growth factors and DNA damage

• checks the DNA integrity and replication.

Multiple Choice

What is a series of events a cell goes through as they grow and divide?

• Cell Division
• Cell Cycle
• Cytokinesis
• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Structure A refers to the _____.

• chromatid
• chromosome
• centromere

Multiple Choice

What stage is this?

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is correct for checkpoint Y?

• examines whether all the sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle insuring a proper separation during mitosis.

• checks whether internal and external conditions are right for division. Including cell size, nutrients, growth factors and DNA damage

• checks the DNA integrity and replication.

Multiple Choice

What phase is represented by stage i in the figure?

• G1

• S

• G2

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Part on a chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together

• Centriole

• Spindle fibers

• Cleavage furrow

• Centromere

Multiple Choice

What phase is represented by stage ii in the figure

• G1

• S

• G2

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is correct for checkpoint Z?

• examines whether all the sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle insuring a proper separation during mitosis.

• checks whether internal and external conditions are right for division. Including cell size, nutrients, growth factors and DNA damage

• checks the DNA integrity and replication.

Multiple Choice

What phase is represented by stage iii in the figure

• G1

• S

• G2

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have -

• 16 chromosomes.
• 46 chromosomes.
• 8 chromosomes.
• 4 chromosomes.

Multiple Choice

What phase is represented by stage iv in the figure

• G1

• S

• G2

• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

The attached image is an example of __________.

• mitosis

• cancer

• Apoptosis

• normal cells

Multiple Choice

The spindle forms from the _____

• centrioles

• cytokinesis

• spindle fibers

Multiple Choice

Before cells can divide, what must be copied?

• mitochondria
• cytoplasm
• DNA
• Cell Wall

Multiple Choice

what happens during cytokinesis?

• the cytoplasm of the cell divides and results in 2 new cells

• nothing happens

• the cell grows bigger

• the cytoplasm disappers

Multiple Choice

These structures pull the spindle fibers and attached chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.

• Spindle fiber
• Centriole
• Nucleus
• Centromere

Multiple Choice

During cytokinesis, a _ forms in plant cells whereas a _ forms in animal cells

• Cleavage furrow, cell plate

• Cell plate, cleavage furrow

Multiple Choice

Structure (b) is a ____.

• chromosome
• chromatid
• centromere

Multiple Choice

How is animal cell cytokinesis different than a plant cell's?

• Animal cells have a cleavage furrow
• Plant cells have a cleavage furrow
• Animal cells have a metaphase plate
• Animal cells must stay stuck together

Multiple Choice

What is the next phase of mitosis?

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Name the previous phase.

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Name the phase:

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Multiple Choice

What is the first phase of Mitosis?

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Multiple Choice

The process by which the nuclear material is divided equally between two new cells

• mitosis
• cancer
• spindle
• centromere

Multiple Choice

Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?

• In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
• In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
• In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
• In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.