Earth Unit Test

Earth's Layers

​What happens to density and temperature as you go through Earth's layers?

Multiple Choice

The Earth is made up of several different layers, and each layer has different properties. Which layer of the Earth is the least dense?

• mantle

• inner core

• outer core

• lithosphere

Multiple Choice

How does temperature change as you move from the crust to the core?

• it gets cooler

• it gets hotter

• it stays the same

• the core is frozen

Reorder

Organize the Layers from the Surface to the Deepest.

• Crust

• Mantle

• Outer Core

• Inner Core

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Match

Match the layer to its composition.

• Crust

• Mantle

• Outer Core

• Inner Core

Solid Rock

Liquid Rock

Liquid Metal

Solid Metal

• Solid Rock

• Liquid Rock

• Liquid Metal

• Solid Metal

W.E.D

What is the difference?

Is this subsurface or a surface event?

Multiple Choice

This type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.

• Chemical weathering

• Erosion

• Mechanical weathering

• Deposition

Multiple Choice

What do we call the process in which rock is broken down by changes in its chemical makeup.

• Chemical weathering

• Mechanical weathering

• Erosion

• Deposition

Multiple Choice

In some places, timber companies remove all the trees from entire hillsides when they are harvesting logs, and farmers till the soil in the fall and leave the ground bare of plants until it is time to plant in spring. What is the most likely effect of doing either of these things?

• Plants will sprout better

• Erosion will happen faster

• Soil will stay cooler

• Decomposition will speed up

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

• Erosion breaks down the rocks, and weathering carries the broken pieces away.

• Erosion carries broken pieces away, and weathering builds the pieces back up into another land mass.

• Weathering carries broken pieces away, and erosion builds the pieces back up into another land mass.

• Weathering breaks down rocks, and erosion carries the broken pieces away.

Multiple Choice

Many places, like the Grand Canyon are the result of a combination of processes that continue to shape Earth, like the water cycle and the rock cycle. Which of the following is responsible for the formation of the Grand Canyon?

• Too much rain soaking into the ground slows the rate of new rock formation

• Evaporation of water removes moisture from rock layers in the canyon walls.

• Large amounts of flowing water increase the rate of weathering and erosion.

• Decreased rainfall makes the rocks hard and brittle, so that they crumble into pebbles

Rock Cycle

Is it TRUELY a cycle?

Can rocks change to other types of rock?

Multiple Choice

These Rocks are formed from Magma and Lava

• Metamorphic

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

Multiple Choice

The processes involved in the rock cycle take place over millions of years. Which of the following describes a phase of the rock cycle that takes the longest to produce results?

• Rocks are eroded by wind and rain

• Eroded rocks travel by wind or moving water

• Rocks form layers of sediment and solidify into new rocks

• Rocks are pushed to Earth's surface by tectonic forces

Multiple Choice

These Rocks are formed from Heat and Pressure

• Metamorphic

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

Multiple Choice

Why is it most likely that fossils will be found in sedimentary rock rather than igneous or metamorphic rock?

• Molten sedimentary rock burns up living organisms and fossilizes them as it cools

• Animals can dig into sedimentary rock, and some are trapped inside and fossilize

• Sedimentary rock breaks apart most easily, so fossils inside are seen more often

• Animal remains can get trapped and fossilize as the layers of sedimentary rock form

Heat Flow/ States of Matter

How does heat flow?

How does the particles move in each state of matter?

Multiple Choice

In heat transfer, heat always flows from the _______________ substance to the _______________ substance.

• hotter to colder

• colder to hotter

• hotter to hotter

• colder to colder

Multiple Choice

Cold Pack on Person

• Heat is transferred from the cold pack to the person.

• Heat is transferred from the person to the cold pack

• The cold pack is getting colder. The person is getting warmer.

Multiple Choice

When the temperature of matter increases the particles...

• speed up and move closer

• speed up and move farther apart

• slow down and move closer together

• slow down and move farther apart

Match

Match the State of Matter to the proper particle movement/ arrangement

• solid

• liquid

• gas

• plasma

Vibrating in place

Compacted

A little spaced out and moving freely passed each other

Spread apart and moving quickly

Spread apart, charged, and moving VERY FAST

• Vibrating in place

  Compacted

• A little spaced out and moving freely passed each other

• Spread apart and moving quickly

• Spread apart, charged, and moving VERY FAST

Match

Match the arrangement to the state of matter

Solid

Gas

Liquid

Plasma

• Solid

• Gas

• Liquid

• Plasma

Match

Match the arrangement to the state of matter

• Gas to a liquid

• Liquid to Solid

• Liquid to Gas

• Solid to Liquid

Condensation

Freezing

Vaporization

Melting

• Condensation

• Freezing

• Vaporization

• Melting

Plate Tectonics

What do each plate boundaries form?

How are the plate moving?

Multiple Choice

The surface of the Earth is made of several tectonic plates that move at a very slow rate. What causes the plates to move?

• explosions within the Earth's mantle

• convection currents within the Earth's mantle

• expansion of the Earth's core pushing on the tectonic plates

• contraction of the Earth's core pulling on the tectonic plates

Multiple Choice

Volcanoes most commonly form…

• near tectonic plate boundaries.

• in Earth's polar regions.

• along Earth's equator.

• in the middle of tectonic plates.

Multiple Choice

This is an example of what type of plate movement?

• convergent

• divergent

• transform

Multiple Choice

The movement of plates at a divergent boundary

• move towards each other

• slide past each other

• move up and down

• move away from each other

Multiple Choice

Oceans plates sink back into the mantle at _______________ zones, keeping the crust the same size.

• Mid-ocean ridges

• Ocean trenches

• Subduction

• Transforming

Multiple Select

What type of Boundary is this? What event will occur at this boundary?

• Transform / Earthquakes

• Transform/

  Mountains

• Transform/ Fault line

• Transform/

  Mid-Ocean Ridge

Multiple Choice

The tectonic plates that make up the surface of the Earth slowly move and interact with each other. Which of the following is NOT a result of tectonic plates moving on the surface of the Earth?

• earthquakes

• volcanoes

• mountain ranges

• erosion

Relative vs. Radioactive (Absolute) Dating

Which one is more accurate?

What is the purpose of relative/ radioactive dating?

Multiple Choice

Jason lives on a ranch in Wyoming. There is a large sedimentary rock outcrop on the ranch. He found one fossil embedded in the rock near the top of the outcrop and another embedded in the rock almost at the bottom of the outcrop. What do their positions tell him about the two fossils?

• The lower fossil is older than the upper fossil

• The upper fossil is older than the lower fossil

• The upper fossil must be that of a climbing animal

• The lower fossil must have washed down from the top

Multiple Choice

What would be the most effective way for a scientist to get an idea of the actual age of a rock?

• Measure the relative amounts of radioactive elements in it

• Judge its position in the rock face relative to that of other rocks

• Measure the amounts of different forms of carbon it contains

• Estimate how much of it has worn away since it formed originally

Evidence for the Theory of Plate Tectonics

What evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics?

Multiple Choice

Which 2 continents best look like puzzle pieces that have been separated showing proof of Pangaea's existence?

• Antarctica and North America

• Australia and Africa

• South America and Asia

• South America and Africa

Multiple Choice

Which piece of evidence did Wegener use to prove continental drift?

• The shape of the continents

• Similar fossils found on separate continents

• Tree fossils found in odd places

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

What does the theory of continental drift state?

• The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over time

• Continents are stationary and do not move

• The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents

• none of the above