Exploration part 3

Multiple Select

Review

check two answers

According to our last lesson, which two countries were in competition to claim more land?

• France

• Spain

• England

• Portugal

Dropdown

​

Select answer

--His voyage opened the way for European colonization of the American continents – a process that would forever change the world.

​

Select answer

increased tensions between Spain and Portugal.

#3 English, Dutch and French

Want in!

•ENGLISH & FRENCH EXPLORERS

•

Like Spain and Portugal, England and France wanted to find a route to Asia to get
spices. After Spain and Portugal explored and gained control of the southern
routes, the English and French looked for a water-way through North America.

In 1497 John Cabot, an Italian sailing for England, sailed west to the coast of
Canada. Like Columbus, Cabot mistakenly thought he had reached Asia. In 1535
French explorer Jacques Cartier (zhahk kahr-tyay) sailed up the Saint Lawrence
River into Canada. Although neither of these explorers found a route to Asia, they
claimed land in North America for England and France.

Competing for Land and Wealth

Besides looking for a route to Asia, England hoped to find riches in the New World.
But Spain controlled the gold and silver of the former Aztec and Inca empires. The
English queen sent a sailor named Francis Drake to the Americas to steal gold and
silver from Spanish ships called galleons. Drake became a rich and famous pirate.

The Spanish were furious with the English for these raids. In 1588 Spain sent 130 ships
to attack England. This fleet, called the Spanish Armada, was part of Spain’s large,
experienced navy. But the English, with their faster ships and better guns, defeated
the Armada. Returning from battle, more Spanish ships were lost in storms at sea.
Fewer than half the Spanish ships ever returned to Spain. The defeat of the Spanish
Armada saved England from invasion. It also meant Spain no longer ruled the seas,
and it allowed England to gain power.

​directions--please review the next few slides--generally speaking what goes on your notesheet is in red (lesson three notes start on slide 7)

English and Dutch want in

• By the early 1600s, The English and the

Dutch began to challenge Portugal’s
dominance over the Indian Ocean
trade.

• The Dutch Republic (also known as the

Netherlands) declared their
independence from Spain in 1581.

Western Europe

• Netherlands

Netherlands

• The Netherlands became a leading

sea power.

• By 1600, the Dutch owned the largest

fleet of ships in the world – 20,000
vessels.

• Together the English and Dutch broke

Portuguese Dominance in the Indian
Ocean.

• The two nations then battled each

other for control.

• Each nation had formed an East India

Company to establish and direct trade
throughout Asia.

• These companies had the power to

mint money, make treaties, and raise
armies.

Multiple Select

East India companies were very powerful and had the authority to do which of the following--choose all that apply.

• mint money

• make treaties

• elect kings

• raise armies.

• increase taxes

• The Dutch East India Company was

richer and more powerful than
England’s company.

• As a result, the Dutch eventually drove

out the English and established their
dominance over the region.

Multiple Choice

This company was the more powerful of the East India companies

• Dutch (Netherlands)

• England

• In 1619, the Dutch established their

trading headquarters at Batavia on
the island of Java.

• From there, they expanded west to

conquer several nearby islands.

• The Dutch also took Malacca and the

valuable Spice Islands.

• Another result--With so many goods

traveling from Asia to the Netherlands,
Amsterdam became a leading
commercial center.

• By 1700, the Dutch ruled much of

Indonesia and had trading posts in
numerous Asian countries.

• They also controlled the Cape of

Good Hope on the southern tip of
Africa.

Cape of Good Hope

The Cape of Good Hope

• First European to reach this area was

Bartolomeu Dias. Dias originally named
it the Cape of Storms.

• Later, John II of Portugal renamed it

‘Cabo de boa esperanca’ = Cape of
Good Hope because it was a symbol
of opening the sea route eastward
toward India.

Multiple Choice

First European to reach the Cape of Good Hope was ____________

• Christopher Columbus

• Henry Hudson

• Bartolomeu Dias

• Captain Hook

Cape of Good Hope

• Was settled by the Dutch and later

conquered by the English.

• There are two monuments erected

there to honor Dias and da Gama.

• In honor of da

Gama, the
Portuguese
government built
this to
commemorate his
passage around the
Cape of Good
Hope.

Britain and France

• English East India Company built

successful business in trading fine cloth.

• In 1664, France also entered the Asia

trade with its own East India Company.
– The company struggled at first but

eventually became established.

– They never made a large profit.

• Even though there were many

European trading posts throughout
Asia, Asian people remained
unaffected by them.

• Europeans’ influences rarely spread

beyond the port cities into the
countries interiors.

The Atlantic World

Spanish Conquests in America

Ch 20.1

Would you rather???

• Climb Mt. Everest
• Explore the Titanic wreckage
• Go on a space exploration mission

• In COMPLETE SENTENCES—explain your

choice—Why the interest? What would be the
challenges.

you will answer this question on the next slide! be careful about hitting return--as it submits your answer!!!!

Open Ended

Would you rather

Climb Mt. Everest • Explore the Titanic wreckage • Go on a space exploration mission

EXPLAIN IN AT LEAST TWO COMPLETE SENTENCES

review---(not to write down)What do you remember???

• What was the motive behind exploration?
• Spices
• What was the motto?
• God, Glory, Gold
• Who was the first to travel around the tip of Africa?
• Bartolomeu Diaz
• Which country was the leader in exploration at first?
• Portugal
• Which two countries teamed together to

overpower Portugal?

• Netherlands and England

The Voyages of Columbus

The Spice Trade

• Many merchants were becoming

extremely wealthy through the spice
trade.

• Wanted a piece of the Spice

pie…..Christopher Columbus believed he
could open a trade route heading west
across the Atlantic Ocean to reach India.

• He needed ships and a crew.
• He asked the Portuguese king for

financing and was denied.

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

of Spain

• Spain finally succeeded in kicking out the

Moors, and they could finally focus on sea
exploration.

• Christopher Columbus sought financial help

from the Spanish monarchy.

• The Spanish monarchy refused his request 3

times.

• The Queen called for Columbus when she

learned he was going to ask the French for
the money.

Agreement

• The Spanish monarchy promised

Columbus that he would be governor
over lands he discovered, as well as be
called, ‘admiral of the ocean seas’.

• Columbus would also receive 10% of

the profits.

• In return, Columbus agreed to spread

Christianity and return with gold, silver,
and spices.

Open Ended

What are two things Ferdinand and Isabella promised Columbus on his voy

Ferdinand
and Isabella

Catherine of Aragon’s parents (Henry’s First wife)

Open Ended

What did he promise to do in return?

Columbus petitioning the
Spanish monarchy

Christopher Columbus

• The Italian explorer left

Spain on August 3, 1492 in
search of a westward
route across the Atlantic
to reach India.

• Nina, Pinta, and Santa

Maria.
– The Santa Maria was the

largest ship and the slowest.

– The Pinta and Nina were

smaller caravels, which were
quicker.

• He took about 120 men,

including an Arabic
interpreter.

Mutiny afoot!

• His sailors began to grumble that the

voyage was taking too long.

• Columbus said that if they didn’t see

land within the next three days, that
they would turn back towards Spain.

• On October 12, 1492, Columbus and

his crew landed in the Caribbean.

Columbus Journal Excerpt

Wednesday, October 10, 1492

“They grumbled and complained of the

long voyage, and I reproached them for
their lack of spirit, telling them that, for
better or worse, they had to complete the
enterprise on which the Catholic
Sovereigns had sent them. I cheered
them on as best I could, telling them of all
the honors and rewards they were about
to receive. I also told the men that it was
useless to complain, for I had started out
to find the Indies and would continue until
I had accomplished that mission, with the
help of Our Lord.”

Audio Response

Read the passage from Columbus' diary

“They grumbled and complained of the long voyage, and I reproached them for their lack of spirit, telling them that, for better or worse, they had to complete the enterprise on which the Catholic Sovereigns had sent them. I cheered them on as best I could, telling them of all the honors and rewards they were about to receive. I also told the men that it was useless to complain, for I had started out to find the Indies and would continue until I had accomplished that mission, with the help of Our Lord.”

Then give me a short summary of what Columbus told his men.

this is an audio response question

Open Audio Recorder

The Bahamas

• He landed on an island somewhere in

the Bahamas.

• Historians debate exactly where

Columbus first set foot.

• The first island he visited, he claimed

for the Spanish throne and renamed it
‘San Salvador’ -translation for ‘Holy
Savior’.

Close up of San Salvador

• Today San Salvador

island (also known
as Watling Island
and Guanahani
Island) is known for
its sandy beaches
and tropical
climate.

• Population is approx

1,000

San Salvador

Can you imagine
Columbus’s crew
landing here?
How would this
environment be
different than
Spain? How do
you think
Columbus and
his men felt?

Fill in the Blanks

Columbus was not in India. He actually landed somewhere in this nation in the Caribbean

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o

9W1G3Tn31A

The Taino people

• Columbus believed he had reached

the ‘Indies’, and therefore named the
indigenous people ‘los indios’, or the
Indians.

• However, he was not in the Indies.
• The people he encountered called

themselves the Taino.

• The Taino people were spread out all

across the Bahaman islands.

Columbus Journal excerpt

• “I presented them with some red caps,

and strings of glass beads to wear
upon the neck, and many other trifles
of small value, wherewith they were
much delighted, and became
wonderfully attached to us. Afterwards
they came swimming to the boats
where we were, bringing parrots, balls
of cotton thread, javelins, and many
other things…”

“They all go completely naked…All whom I

saw were young, not above thirty years of
age, well made, with fine shapes and
faces; their hair short, and coarse like that
of a horse’s tail, combed toward the
forehead, except a small portion which
they suffer to hang down behind, and
never cut. Some paint themselves with
black, which makes them appear like
those of the Canaries, neither black nor
white; others with white, others with red,
and others with such colors as they can
find. Some paint the face, and some the
whole body; others only the eyes, and
others the nose.”

“Weapons they have none, nor are

acquainted with them, for I showed
them swords which they grasped by
the blades, and cut themselves
through ignorance. They have no iron,
their javelins being without it, and
nothing more than sticks, though some
have fish-bones or other things at the
ends.”

Reconstruction of the Taino village

Fill in the Blanks

The people Columbus encountered were called the

Open Ended

After reading his diary entries about his early encounters with natives, tell me a little about them according to Columbus

Gold

• Columbus was highly interested in

finding gold.

• He explored many islands throughout

the Caribbean looking for gold.

• He also claimed each island for Spain.

Columbus returns to Spain

• The Spanish monarchy was extremely

pleased with Columbus.

• They financed three more voyages to

the islands.

• On his second voyage, he had 17 ships

in his fleet and several armed soldiers.

• He also brought 1,000 settlers.
• The Spanish intended to colonize the

area.

Rhyme v Reality

closer to reality

The password for this article is currie

​

​On the next slide you will be given a link to an article about Columbus

Home

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​https://upfront.scholastic.com/content/classroom_magazines/upfront/issues/2017-18/091817/the-debate-over-columbus.html

Multiple Choice

When Christopher Columbus arrived in the Bahamas in 1492, he thought he’d reached

a South America.

b the trading centers of Africa.

c the southern tip of Florida.

d China, India, or Japan.

• a

• b

• c

• d

Multiple Choice

Columbus claimed for Spain land he called Hispaniola. Today that land is

a the United States and Canada.

b Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

c northern Mexico.

d Genoa, Italy.

• a

• b

• c

• d

Multiple Choice

According to the article, the main reason some people want to do away with Columbus Day has to do with

a new accusations that he falsified his ship logs and abused his crew.

b mounting evidence that other European explorers were living in the Americas when he arrived.

c the way he and other Europeans treated Native Americans.

d the fact that he sailed in search of gold, spices, and other riches.

• a

• b

• c

• d

Multiple Choice

Which is true of the Taino people Columbus met?

a Columbus thought they were generous.

b Many became sick with European diseases.

c Many became slaves.

d all of the above

• a

• b

• c

• d