GOALS session 3 New Nation

USVA GOALS:

New Nation

(9), Founding Fathers of the United States of

America

Daily Agenda

Objective: Today we will cover standards 5a-d

1.

Examine founding documents that led to the development of American
constitutional government.

2.

Describe the compromises necessary to make the Constitution of the United
States.

3.

Assess the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists

4.

Evaluate the effect of John Marshall’s decision that makes the Supreme Court
an equal branch within the national government.

Multiple Choice

In the Articles of Confederation, where was most of the government power placed?

• The States

• The National Government

• The Continental Congress

• The Legislative Branch

Multiple Choice

What was one of the biggest problems caused by the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

• America did not have any allies in the American Revolution because Congress could not sign treaties.

• America could not pay its debts from the American Revolution because Congress could not coin money.

• America did not have any allies in the American Revolution because Congress could not declare war.

• America could not pay its debts from the American Revoultion because Congress could not collect taxes.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was a power given to the government under the Articles of Confederation?

• Draft an Army

• Regulate Trade

• Collect Taxes

• Issue Currency

Open Ended

What documents influenced the U.S. Constitution?

The Second Continental Congress: Articles of Confederation

●The Second Continental Congress met in June 1776 to
begin the creation of the new government.
●The Articles of Confederation was the first written constitution
of the United States.

●To avoid too much centralized power, like what they had
under England, the Articles of Confederation gave most
power to the states and created a weak federal government
with no executive or judicial branch.

●The articles did allow the federal government to raise an
army, create laws, and print money.

●Every state was given one vote, regardless of population.

(4), Standard 5a

(3), Standard 5a

Other Documents that Influenced the US Constitution

●Virginia Declaration of Rights: adopted on
June 12, 1776.

○Written by George Mason

○Government cannot violate people’s natural rights (life,
liberty, pursuit of happiness, property, and safety)

●Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom:
adopted January 16, 1786

○Guaranteed freedom of religion to people of all faiths,
not just Christians

(5), Standard 5a

(6), Standard 5a

Multiple Choice

"A strong national government is needed to facilitate commerce, manage foreign trade, provide for the national defense, and conduct foreign relations."

A person making such a statement would most likely favor the –

• Treaty of Paris

• Articles of Confederation

• Declaration of Independence

• Constitution of the United State

Multiple Choice

Why did our Founding Fathers make the Articles of Confederation so weak?

• They did not want people to pay taxes.

• They were hoping that George Washington would become king.

• They did not want a central government to hold most of the power.

• They wanted to be an English colony again

Multiple Choice

The idea that all people should be able to worship as they please was expressed by Thomas Jefferson in the -

• Virginia Declaration of RIghts

• Constitution of the United States of America

• Declaration of Independence

• Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom

Constitutional Convention: Creating the US Constitution

●The weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation made it necessary to
replace them

●Delegates met in secret in Philadelphia in
1787, at the Constitutional Convention

●Their main goal: create a strong federal
government while also giving some power
to the states and the people

(7), Standard 5b

Multiple Choice

Where was the Constitutional Convention held?

• Boston Massachusetts

• Savannah, Georgia

• Washington D.C.

• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Important Figures and Their Roles

●George Washington: President of the Convention

●James Madison

○Known as the Father of the Constitution because of his notes and records of

proceedings

○Wrote most of the Bill of Rights using the VA Declaration of Rights as a model

of the Virginia Plan, which called for a federal government with three branches of power

●William Patterson

○Wrote the New Jersey Plan, calling for one vote per state regardless of size

●Roger Sherman

○Author of the Great Compromise, combined VA and NJ plans into three branches
of government with a bicameral Congress and checks and balances

(8), Standard 5b

Other Compromises before Ratification

●Before the constitution could officially be signed, or ratified, into an official
document, several issues had to addressed:

○Supremacy Clause: Federal law is supreme law of the land, but is limited to what is in the
Constitution

○Bicameral Congress: Senate and House of Representatives

○3/5 Compromise: aimed at Southern states to make them happy by counting 3 out of every 5
slaves for the population numbers in the House of Representatives

○Branches of government and separation of powers: executive, legislative, and judicial

Multiple Choice

Where did the Virginia Plan want the power to be placed in the legislative branch?

• Amount of Taxes Collected

• Equal for Every State

• Size of Army

• Population

Multiple Choice

The 3/5ths Compromise dealt with this issue in the Constitution.

• Trade Regulations

• Controlling Inflation Across State Lines

• Counting Enslaved People in Tax Collection

• Counting Enslaved People in the Population

Multiple Choice

Which principle is shared by the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution of the United States?

• Judicial review

• Limited government

• Separation of powers

• Checks and balances

Multiple Choice

Which group favored a strong federal government and wanted to ratify the Constitution?

• Federalists

• Anti-Federalists

Multiple Choice

Which document directly influenced the first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States?

• Mayflower Compact

• Virginia Declaration of Rights

• Articles of Confederation

• Emancipation Proclamation

Ratification of the Constitution

●At the end of the Constitutional Convention, there was a
document ready to be presented to the states for ratification.

○9 of the 13 states had to ratify in order for it to become official

○Two groups formed to debate the ratification:

■Federalists: led by John Adams and others

■Anti-Federalists:led by Thomas Jefferson and others

○The Constitution was ratified and became official on June 21,
1788 when New Hampshire became the 9th state to ratify.

○Rhode Island was the last to ratify to make all 13 states on
May 29, 1790

●Debates between these two groups set the stage for the
development of political parties in America.

(9), Standard 5c

(6), Standard 5c

Federalist & Anti-Federalist Overview

Federalists

Anti-Federalists

Favored the Constitution

Favored the Articles of Confederation

Bill of Rights NOT necessary to protect

individual rights

Bill of Rights was needed to protect

individual rights

Strong Central Government/Weaker State

Governments

Power in the state governments, weaker

central government

Supported in Urban areas

Supported in Rural areas

Multiple Choice

The first 10 Amendments in the US Constitution are called...

• Articles of Confederation

• Bill of Rights

• The Founding Amendments

• The Airing of Grievances 

Open Ended

What was a significant difference between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

John Adams and Thomas Jefferson Presidencies
●John Adams: 2nd President and Federalist

○Supported Hamilton’s financial plan, specifically the Bank of the United States; the Jay Treaty
which led to peaceful relations with England; and the undeclared war on France

○Supported by bankers and businesses in the manufacturing sector in the Northeast

●Thomas Jefferson: 3rd President and Anti-Federalist

○Created the Democratic-Republicans to oppose Adams and the Federalists

○Supported by farmers, artisans, and settlers in the South who wanted a strong agricultural economy

●Despite intense differences between the two men, they were able to work together during Adams’
presidency (remember Jefferson was his Vice President) and transition power peacefully when Jefferson
won Presidency in the election of 1800.

Multiple Choice

Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson's different points of view led to the formation of ___________.

• the Louisiana Purchase

• an American navy

• a new policy of isolationism

• two political parties

Multiple Choice

Which issue led to the development of the first political parties in the United States?

• Abolition of slavery

• Women’s suffrage

• Expansion of western territories

• National government’s powers

Multiple Choice

Opposed the Bank of the United States

Opposed the Jay Treaty with Great Britain

Favored an economy based on agriculture

Which early United States political party believed in these positions?

• Federalists

• Whigs

• Know-Nothings

• Democratic-Republicans

Match

Match the following

• Jefferson

• Jefferson

• Hamilton

• Hamilton

• Jefferson

Government power should be shared with the states.

Farming is the most important business.

Most government power should be in Washington, D.C.

Shipping and manufacturing are the most important businesses.

Government leaders can turn into tyrants and take away rights. The people should be trusted.

• Government power should be shared with the states.

• Farming is the most important business.

• Most government power should be in Washington, D.C.

• Shipping and manufacturing are the most important businesses.

• Government leaders can turn into tyrants and take away rights. The people should be trusted.

John Marshall & Key Decisions of the Marshall Court

●Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court from
1801-1835

●Longest serving Chief Justice in US history

●One of the most influential justices in Supreme Court
history

●Oversaw some of the most important cases in
American history to set forth the court's authority
to mediate disagreements between different
levels of government:

●Marbury vs Madison: established the idea of judicial
review

●McCulloch vs Maryland: established the doctrine of
implied powers

●Gibbons vs Ogden: established the commerce clause

(10), Standard 5d

Multiple Choice

John Marshall was instrumental in strengthening the

• State Department

• Federal Reserve

• Electoral Collage

• Supreme Court

Multiple Choice

The Marbury v. Madison ruling is considered a landmark (important) case because it established the power of judicial review meaning that

• the Supreme Court can interpret the Constitution and decide what it means

• the Supreme Court can decide who gets federal commissions and who doesn't

• the Supreme Court can fire federal judges

​For extra practice on key concepts discussed in class today, please visit module 3 of Virginia and US History Test Prep in Canvas. Read lessons 1-4 and take the self-check quizzes and post-assessment test.

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