Transcription and Translation Review

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Genetic Blueprint for ALL LIVING things

• Nucleic Acid Structure

  • Sugar Deoxyribose

  • phosphate

  • Nitrogen bases

    • Adenine

    • Thymine

    • Cytosine

    • Guanine

DNA Structure

• two complementary strands

  • Base pairing

    • A to T

    • C to G

• linked by Hydrogen bonds

• double helix (twisted ladder)

DNA Replication (DNA to DNA

During S phase in Mitosis

• Steps

  • DNA Helicase breaks Hydrogen bonds

    • creating two individual strands

      • leading and lagging

  • DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides

    • creating 2 complete sets of genetic information

RNA

Used for Protein construction

• Structure

  • Ribose (sugar)

  • phosphate

  • Nitrogen Bases

    • Adenine

    • Uracil

    • Cytosine

    • Guanine

RNA Structure

• Single stranded mRNA

  • DNA to RNA base pairing

    • DNA A to RNA U (uracil)

    • DNA T to RNA A

    • DNA C to RNA G

    • DNA G to RNA C

• Types of RNA

  • mRNA- messenger (copied from DNA)

  • tRNA - transfer (adds amino acids at the ribosome)

  • rRNA - ribosomal (Lego blocks of ribosome)

Transcription (nucleus)

DNA to mRNA

• RNA Polymerase

  • Enzyme

  • unzips the DNA

• Complementary RNA nucleotides added

  • A to U

  • T to A

  • C to G

  • G to C

Translation (ribosome)

mRNA to Protein

• mRNA binds to the ribosome

• rRNA

  • builds to create ribosome

• tRNA

  • anticodon non-coding strands of RNA that carry amino acids to protein-building ribosomes

• codon

  • sequence of three nitrogen bases in DNA or mRNA that codes for an amino acid

Multiple Choice

If a strand of DNA had bases in the following order - ATCCGTC, what would be the replicated complementary strand?

• UAGGCAG

• ATCCGTC

• TAGGCAG

• TUGGCTG

Multiple Choice

If a strand of DNA had bases in the following order - ATCCGTC, what would be the transcribed mRNA sequence?

• TAGGCAG

• UAGGCAG

• TUGGCUG

• None of the above are correct

Multiple Choice

Use the codon chart to determine the amino acid sequence: (Hint: mRNA must be used to determine the AA sequence!)

ATT CGC ATC

TAA GCG TAG

AUU CGC AUC

UAA GCG UAG

• tyrosine, alanine, stop

• stop, alanine, tyrosine

• start, arginine, methionine

• Isoleucine, arginine, isoleucine

Multiple Choice

Which of the following base pairs with adenine in RNA?

• thymine

• guanine

• uracil

• cytosine

Multiple Choice

A section of DNA contains the following bases in this order: GAT CCT

Which of the following mRNA sequences complements this section of DNA?

• CUA GGA

• TCG AAG

• CTA GGA

• AGC UUC

Multiple Choice

Which of the following polypeptides are coded for by the mRNA sequence

5' AUG GUU AAA 3'

• Val, Lys, Phe

• Met, Asp, Phe

• Met, Val, Lys

• Ile, Gln, Lys

Multiple Choice

A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown.

3' TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT 5'

Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand?

• Arginine, Leucine, Proline, Asparagine

• Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Leucine

• Serince, Leucine, Proline, Asparagine

• Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Leucine, Glycine

Multiple Choice

The initial steps in gene expression are

modeled to the left. Double-stranded DNA first

unwinds into two strands. Which process and

product are represented in Diagram 2?

• Process: transcription; product: mRNA

• Process: translation; product: protein

• Process: replication; product: tRNA

• Process: recombination; product: polymerase

Multiple Choice

Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is modeled in the image. (View image)

What is the purpose of this cellular process?

• Preserving genetic information for future generations

• Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template

• Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell

• Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence

Multiple Choice

Using the codon identify the amino acid sequence:
AUG-CCA-GUA-GGG-UAA

• MET-HIS-ALA-GLY-STOP

• MET-PRO-GLY-VAL-STOP

• MET-PRO-VAL-GLY-STOP

• MET-THR-SER-ASP-STOP