Session 7

References & Quotation

Multiple Select

Choose the correct reason(s) for providing references and citations:

• To show that you have read some of the authorities on the subject,

  which will give added weight to your writing

• To allow readers to find the source, if they wish to examine the topic

  in more detail

• To avoid plagiarism and show that you understand the rules of the

  academic community.

Multiple Choice

Decide if you need to give a reference in the following cases:

1. A quotation from a book

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Decide if you need to give a reference in the following cases:

2. An item of common knowledge (e.g. exercise is good for

you)

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Decide if you need to give a reference in the following cases:

3. Theory from a journal article

• No

• Yes

Multiple Choice

Decide if you need to give a reference in the following cases

4. An idea of your own based on reading several sources:

• No

• Yes

Citations & References

• It is important to refer correctly to the work of other writers which you have used.

• You may present these sources as a summary or paraphrase, as a

  quotation, or use both.

• In each case a citation is included to provide a link to the list of references at the end of your paper.

Smith, M. (2009) Power and the State. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan

References

Smith (2009) argues that the popularity of the Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) is irrational, as despite their high cost most are never driven off-road. In his view ‘they are bad for road safety, then environment and road congestion’ (Smith, 2009:37).

Citation & Refernces

Author’s family name, date of publication

Smith (2009)

​Summary

Author’s family name, date of publication, page no.

(Smith,2009:37)

Quotation

Giving Citations

​Reference Verbs

• Summaries and quotations are usually introduced by a reference verb:

Smith (2009) argues that …

Janovic (1972) claimed that …

• Verbs can be either in the present or the past tense.

• The use of the present tense suggests that the source is recent while the past indicates that the source is older.

​References Systems

a) Harvard, generally used in the UK for Social Sciences and Business.

b) MLA is similar to Harvard but more common in the US for the Arts

and Humanities. In this, the year of publication is at the end of the

reference.

c) APA is widely used in the US in the Social Sciences.

Multiple Select

Reasons for using quotations in your written

work:

• when the original version is well known

• when the original is more concise than your summary could be

• when the original words express an idea in a distinctive way