GOALS session 5 WWI & the Interwar Period

USVA GOALS

WWI & the Interwar Period

(7), Treaty of Versailles, Standard 9c

Daily Agenda

Objective: Today we will cover standards 9a-c; 10a-d

1.Spanish-American War

2.US Involvement in World War I & 14 Points

3.Treaty of Versailles & League of Nations

4.Change in popular Culture after World War I

5.Stock Market Crash

6.Great Depression

7.Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal Programs

Spanish-American War

Causes

●Result of American involvement in Cuba’s war for independence

●Yellow journalism, journalism that is over exaggerated, fueled American
support for war when the USS Maine exploded

●Imperialism also played a role because the powerful nations of the world
were busy expanding and US was a part of this

Changes in U.S. Foreign Policy Following the War

●Isolationism to Imperialism in several parts of the world

●Annexed Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines as a direct result of the war

●Helped depose Hawaii’s monarch and annexed them

●Took over the building of the Panama Canal

●Open Door Policy with China allowed for fair trade

●Big thing…leads US to WWI because of the Monroe Doctrine and our
new “police presence” that was expanded under President Wilson

(1) Standard 9a

Multiple Choice

What is Yellow Journalism

• Exaggerated way of journaling

• Paper that was printed yellow

• Poorly published newspaper articles

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

How did newspaper headlines like this help start the Spanish-American war?

• They created a fear of war.

• They only reached those that could read.

• They created a desire to go to war.

• They accurately informed the news of the world.

Multiple Choice

What is Imperialism?

• A time where weaker countries grow

• War outbreaks between stronger countries

• Stronger countries take over weaker countries

Who’s Who of WWI

Central Powers

(Germany, Austria-Hungary,

and the Ottoman Empire)

Allied Powers

(Russia, United States,

France, and Britain)

(2) Wilhelm II, Franz Joseph, Mehmed V,
and Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, Standard 9b

(3)(4) Nicholas II, Woodrow Wilson, Clemenceau, David Lloyd George

Standard 9b

US Involvement in WWI

●WWI Begins in 1914

○Cause: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

○The US remains neutral for 3 years due to policy of isolationism

●United States enters war in 1917

○The Zimmerman Telegram from Germany to Mexico

○Sinking of the RMS Lusitania

○Unrestricted submarine warfare violated freedom of the seas

●African American Regiments

○Segregated units led by white officers

○Served with French regiments and were more accepted and treated with more
respect

○Over 350,000 African Americans fought in the war

●America wanted to make the world “safe for democracy”…leads to the Fourteen
Points

(5), Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Standard 9b

Woodrow Wilson and the Fourteen Points

●Speech before Congress outlining Wilson’s goals
for peace, post WWI

●Wanted to eliminate all future wars by eliminating
their causes

●Three main points:

○Freedom of the seas: no submarine warfare in
international waters

○Self-determination: people with similar political
ambitions can seek to create their own
independent government or state

○League of Nations: collection of nations to guard
the world from future disaster

(6), Wilson’s Address to Congress, Standard 9b

Multiple Choice

This headline affected the United States by eventually leading to –

• Involvement in the Spanish American War

• Construction of the Panama Canal

• Entry into WWI

• Neutrality during the 1930’s

Multiple Choice

A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

What is the above document?

• Monroe Doctrine

• Wilson’s Fourteen Points Speech

• Roosevelt's Four Freedoms Speech

• Truman Doctrine

End of WWI and the Treaty of Versailles

●French and British called for Germany to be punished

○Forced Germany to pay reparations for the destruction
caused by the war

○Limited the German military - called for disarmament

○National boundaries were redrawn creating new
nations

●Created the League of Nations

●Mandate System was also created

○Attempt to stop the cycle of war in the Middle East

■Territories belonging to the Ottoman Empire or
Germany were given to member nations to
govern

■Created issues amongst nations who were
deemed “mandated countries”

(7), Standard 9c

League of Nations

●Out of all the Fourteen Points, Wilson fought the hardest to form
the League of Nations

●All member nations in the League would defend all other member
nations against military threats

○Article X would essentially render each nation equal in terms of
power since no member nation could use its military power against a
weaker member nation

●The US never became a member of the League of Nations
●Senate did not approve the Treaty of Versailles because they
objected to American foreign policy being controlled by other nations

Multiple Choice

What is the League of Nations?

• An international organisation that helps to promote trade

• An international organisation that aims to promote peace among the countries

• An international organisation that will fight other countries

• An international organisation that will bring hope and stability in the world

Multiple Choice

The United States failed to join the League of Nations because –

• The president vetoed the treaty

• Membership was restricted to European countries

• The Senate rejected the treaty

• Membership was limited by European leaders

Changes in Popular Culture, Post WWI

●Modernism Movement began, all about rejecting conventional ways
of viewing the world

●In mass media and communications

○Radio

■Jazz, sports, and fireside chats given by FDR

○Movies

■Provided an escape from everyday life

○Newspapers

■Spotlighted fads and changed cultural norms

●The Harlem Renaissance is a great example of modernism

○Vibrant cultural community in Harlem, NY that was focused on
music and entertainment

■Important artists, poets and writers came from this
movement (Langston Hughes, Ann Spencer, Countee
Cullen, and Zora Hurston)

(8), Standard 10a

(9), Standard 10a

Challenges to Traditional Values, Post WWI

●In religion

○Scopes Trial of 1925, was all about Darwin and his theory of
evolution

●Women’s roles in society

○Time of “Flappers”: changing of fashion and morals to more
modernized views

○19th Amendment: gave women the right to vote

●Alcohol and the Prohibition Movement

○The government attempted to ban alcohol because of social
problems, but it backfired.

○Moonshine and speakeasies pop up everywhere

○Smuggling alcohol becomes a huge problem

●Open Immigration to the United States

○Caused a revival of the KKK and the Red Scare (communism)

(10), Standard 10a

(11), Standard 10a

Multiple Choice

Which aspect of American life was most challenged by the passage of the 19th Amendment?

• Organized religion

• Role of women

• Economic policy

• Opposition to segregation

Multiple Choice

During the Great Migration, African Americans moved from

• North to South

• South to North

• East to West

• West to East

Multiple Choice

The city in which there was a large celebration of African American culture

• Chicago

• New Orleans

• Harlem

• Detroit

Multiple Choice

What type of music is blended from several different types and often played with improvisation?

• country

• rap

• jazz

• disco

Causes of the Stock Market Crash, 1929

●Business was booming, but mainly from investments
made from borrowing money (over speculation)

●Credit became the go to method for spending

●Panic selling of stocks

○Stock Market crashed on October 29, 1929

●Business failures that led to bankruptcies, to
include banks

○ Bank deposits were invested in the stock market and

lost in the collapse

(12), Standard 10b

Consequences of the Stock Market Crash

● “Bank runs” and bank failures

○ Individuals ran to banks in order to withdraw their money,

but there was none to give

○ The Federal Reserve failed to prevent the widespread

collapse of the nation’s banking system

● No new investments because people were afraid
● People lost everything
● Signaled the beginning of the Great Depression

Causes of the Great Depression

● Too many industrial and agricultural

goods

● Credit buying was extreme
● Unequal distribution of wealth meant

only a small few held the majority of
the funds

● The farms in the West hit a low
● High taxes in imports cut down on

global trade

(15), Standard 10c

Multiple Choice

Which phrase best completes this diagram?

• Foreign tariffs increased

• Demand for goods declined

• Over speculation of investments

• Failure of banks

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order for these events?

• 1, 3, 4, 2

• 2, 4, 3, 1

• 3, 2, 1, 4

• 4, 1, 2, 3

The Great Depression 1929-1933

●Unemployment rose to 25% at the
height of the Great Depression

○That’s 25 out of 100 people unemployed

●Financial system collapsed

●Demand dropped because of
unemployment

●Homelessness went up due to
foreclosures and unemployment

○People lived in shanty towns called
Hoovervilles, after President Hoover
whom they blamed

(13)(14), Standard 10c

FDR’s New Deal and the End of the Great Depression

●Roosevelt ran on a platform of hope. One in four Americans were unemployed, but he didn’t give up and
inspired people to do the same

○“We have nothing to fear but fear itself”

●He promised immediate relief measures through his New Deal measures

○Works Progress Administration (WPA): public work projects to put people back to work

○Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC): financial reforms to the banking system,

○Security Exchange Commission (SEC): regulations to monitor the stock market and investment
practices

○Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA): recovery programs for farmers to bring food
production back

○Social Security Act: gave protections for those unable to work

●He wanted a more active government in problem solving

Multiple Choice

Which New Deal program attempted to protect Americans from the instability of banks during the Great Depressions?

• Works Progress Administration

• Tennessee Valley Authority

• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

• Agricultural Adjustment Administration

Multiple Choice

It provided a pension for retired workers and their spouses and the unemployed. 

• Social Security Administration 

• Wagner Act 

• Public Works Administration 

• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 

Multiple Choice

What are the 3 R's of the New Deal?

• Relief, Rebuild, and Reform

• Recover, Rebuild, and Reform

• Relief, Recovery, and Reform

• Recover, Revive, and Reform

Open Ended

What topic was your favorite? What topic do you need to study more?

Sources

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