Human body skeletal, muscle, skin

HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

Part 1

Skeletal, Muscular, Skin

HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS
11 Main Systems

Skeletal System: Bones & Joints

Digestive: Stomach, intestines

• Support, movement, protects

- Digest food

Muscular: Muscles

Urinary: Kidney, bladder

• Movement

-Removes waste

Integumentary: skin, hair, nails

Nervous: Brain, spinal cord

• Protection, regulation, body temperature

-Gathers & interpret information

Respiration: Lungs

Endocrine: Glands + Hormones

• Gas Exchange

-Control body functions

Cardiovascular: heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins)

Reproductive: Egg + Sperm

• Carrying nutrients, removing wastes

-Produce Offspring

Lymphatic: Lymph Nodes

• Fights pathogens, collects excess fluid

I. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
•A. Cells

• Smallest unit of living things

• All living things are made of CELLS

•B. Tissue

• Group of similar cells working together to perform a JOB

•Organs

• Group of similar tissue working together

•Organ systems

• Group of organs working together

•Organism

• Group of all organ systems working together

Multiple Choice

what are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?

• organism, cell, tissue, organ system, organ

• cell, tissue, organism, organ, organ system

• cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

II. SKELETAL SYSTEM

A. Functions

1.

Support body and give it shape

2.

Protects internal organs

3.

Helps body move

4.

Makes blood cells

B. Parts

5.

Bones

a. Fracture- break in a bone

b. Marrow – tissue inside bones – makes red blood cells

Open Ended

Name a function of the skeletal system

B. Parts continued..

2. Joints

a. Any place where two or more bones meet

Types of joints
Immovable – ex. Skull

Ball and socket – ex. – shoulder & hip

Hinge- ex. Knee

Gliding- ex. Wrist

Pivot – ex. Forearm

Open Ended

Where in the body would you find a ball and socket joint?

B. PARTS CONTINUED…

3.Cartilage– cushions the bones and the joint

4. Ligaments– holds the bones together

5. Tendons – Connects muscle to bone

Multiple Choice

What part of the skeletal system connects muscle to bones?

• Tendons

• Ligaments

• Cartilage

III. MUSCLES
• Tissues that contract and relax to move body parts

A.

Muscle control

1.

Voluntary-

a. you have conscious control

Skeletal Muscle

Ex. Biceps, triceps, Pectoralis

2. Involuntary:

a. you don’t have conscious control

Smooth and cardiac muscle

Ex. Stomach Muscles

• Some muscles can be both voluntary or involuntary*

• Ex. Eye muscles

Multiple Choice

You don't have conscious control over these muscles..

• voluntary

• involuntary

• huge

III. MUSCLES CONTINUED

B. Three types of muscles

•Smooth – involuntary (internal organs like digestive system)

•Cardiac – involuntary (only in the heart)

•Skeletal – can be voluntary or involuntary

• (attached to the skeleton)

C. Muscles work in pairs to make your body move – (agonist & antagonist)

• One muscle contracts and gets shorter to pull on the bone, the other muscle relaxes or gets longer

Multiple Choice

What kind of muscle is found in the heart?

• smooth

• skeletal

• cardiac

Muscle continued..

B. Organization of muscles

● A muscle is made of many bundles of muscle fibers

● Muscle Fibers are made of cylindrical structures called myofibrils

composed of filaments.

● These filaments can move past each other causing the

muscle to contract and relax.

○ Many muscles are arranged in opposing positions called the flexor and the

extensor.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
dpxalWACO7k

IV. SKIN – LARGEST ORGAN IN THE BODY

•A . Five Functions

1. Acts as a layer of protection against germs/harmful bacteria

2. regulates body temperature

3. Gets rid of wastes

4. Acts as a sense organ

5. Makes vitamin D

Open Ended

Name one function of the skin

IV. SKIN CONTINUED..
B. Layers of the skin

1. Epidermis – outer layer; top of the epidermis is dead skin

2. Dermis– inner layer; contains sweat glands, oil glands, blood vessels, and nerves