RC 3 Part 1&2 (22-23)

Multiple Choice

7B: Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould researched the lenses of the eyes of fossil trilobites of different species. In 1972 they published a paper in which they described the tendency of a species to remain the same until a sudden change in the environment causes a new related to appear. Which hypothesis was most challenged by the work of Eldredge and Gould?

• Redi's hypothesis that spontaneous generation does not occur

• Haeckel's hypothesis that embryological development mimics the evolution of species

• Wallave's hypothesis that geography affects the distribution of species

• Darwin's hypothesis that the development of species is a slow, gradual process

Open Ended

Are Pokemon evolving an example of evolution? Why or why not! EXPLAIN

Multiple Choice

7A The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are marsupials.

The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they —

• belong to the same species

• must range great distances to eat

• have very similar skeletal structures

• are descended from a common ancestor

Multiple Choice

What type of structures are these?

• homologous

• vestigial 

• analogous

• fossil

Multiple Choice

7A: The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates. Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus bones?

• The primates live in similar environments

• The primates shared a common ancestor

• The primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population

• The primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods

Multiple Choice

Two scientists studied patterns of evolution in the fossil record. Many species they analyzed showed periods of slow changes interrupted by a period of rapid change.This pattern of periods of slow change interrupted by periods of rapid change with few, if any transitional fossils, best describes the theory of —

• natural selection

• genetic drift

• punctuated equilibrium

• gene flow

Multiple Choice

7A: Cetaceans are whales and their relatives. The diagram shows some fossils of cetaceans. Which statement provides the best evidence that Ambulocetus natans is an ancestor of Basilosaurus isis?

• Homologous structures occur in each fossil

• Similar nitrogenous bases are found in the DNA of each fossil

• The fossils were found in different locations

• The youngest fossil is larger than the older fossils

Open Ended

7A Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms.

Which two organisms are the MOST related? EXPLAIN your answer!

Multiple Choice

7A Three species of lizards of the genus Gallotia are found on the Canary Islands, a chain of seven volcanic islands off the west coast of Africa. The easternmost island, Lanzarote, is the oldest, while the westernmost island, El Hierro, is the youngest. The distribution of lizard species is shown on the map.

Which statement about the ancestry of the lizards from the genus Gallotia is best supported by this information?

• The common ancestor of the lizards first colonized the island of El Hierro

• The ancestors of each species came from different continents at different times

• The common ancestor of the lizards probably came from Africa

• The ancestors of each species evolved in Spain and were brought to the islands at the same time.

Multiple Choice

Cross-pollination of flowers from different populations of the same species will most likely result in —

• gene flow as new alleles are introduced

• evolution of a different species as alleles mix

• hybrid sterility as gametes from different individuals are incompatible

• a decrease of genetic variation among individuals

Multiple Choice

7F: Common baboons live on the savanna in breeding groups called troops. While females tend to stay with the troop, younger or less dominant males may leave to join a neighboring troop. Which of these is a likely outcome of movement by young males?

• Gene flow occurs between population

• Allele frequencies suddenly change

• Relative genotypic frequencies reach a constant state

• Intermediate phenotypes increase in the species

Open Ended

7C Male guppies found in areas without predators are more colorful than the ones found in locations with large predator populations. A population of adult guppies originating from an area with a large number of predators is transferred to a nearby area with few predators.

What mechanism of evolution is described above? AND What will most likely happen to the new population over a few generations?

Multiple Select

7C: The diagram shows light- and dark-colored beetles that live on a tree. Which result is most likely to occur to the beetle population due to predation over time? Select two answers.

• The number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase

• There will be more dark-colored beetles than light-colored beetles

• The number of light-colored beetles will decrease

• The dark-colored beetles will move to a different type of tree

• The number of dark-colored beetles in the population will decrease

Multiple Choice

7D: The green frog (Lithobates clamitans clamitans) is found in many parts of the United States. The table contains some information about this frog. Why does the ability to lay 1,000 to 5,000 eggs increase the fitness of the species L. clamitans clamitans?

• It increases opportunities for offspring to compete for limited resources

• It increases the probability that some offspring will survive long enough to reproduce

• It increases the probability that moving water will promote gene flow from one population to another.

• It increases the chance of the recombination of alleles, leading to genetic drift in the population.

Multiple Choice

Most animals avoid eating monarch butterflies due to their bad taste. Viceroy butterflies look very similar to the monarchs.Which of these best explains how the viceroy butterfly benefits from looking like the monarch butterfly?

• Viceroy butterflies are able to reproduce with the monarch butterflies.

• Viceroy butterflies are able to deter predators in the same way as the monarch butterflies.

• Viceroy butterflies are able to follow the migratory patterns of the monarch butterflies.

• Viceroy butterflies are able to find additional sources of food used by the monarch butterflies.

Multiple Choice

White clovers, Trifolium repens, are plants that are native to Europe and Central Asia and are able to produce the poison cyanide within their cells. Skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus foetidus, is a plant that is native to eastern North America and can produce a chemical that makes it have a strong, foul odor and bitter taste. The chemicals produced by both the white clovers and skunk cabbages are adaptations that allow them to —

• attract more pollinators

• survive a long-term drought

• protect against herbivores

• grow better in colder habitats

Multiple Choice

Green anoles are lizards that can change their skin color rapidly in response to various stimuli. This adaptation is the result of —

• selective breeding of lizards by humans

• beneficial traits passed from parents to offspring

• geographic isolation that prevented genetic mutation

• environmental pollutants that changed their genotype

Multiple Choice

Why is it important to assign each organism a scientific name?

• Each scientific name applies to only one species, making it universally identifiable to scientists.

• Each scientific name allows scientists to better study the behavior of an organism.

• The scientific name allows scientists to develop common names for organisms.

• The scientific name describes how an individual looks relative to others of the same genus.

Multiple Choice

The table shows the classification of four mammals found in Texas. Based on this table, which explanation best describes why elk and fallow deer are classified in the same genus?

• They are both in family Cervidae and share a more recent common ancestor.

• They mate and produce fertile offspring.

• They live in similar habitats.

• They are both in kingdom Animalia and have similar diets.

Multiple Select

8B: The classification of four trees are shown in the table. Which two trees are the most closely related?

• Taiwan beech

• Taiwan catkin yew

• Japanese maple

• Lodgepole pine

Multiple Choice

8B Many tree frog populations are threatened due to habitat loss. In an effort to promote conservation, tree frogs may be bred in captivity. A zoo acquired male and female tree frogs from two different populations. In the zoo, the tree frogs were able to successfully mate within their own population, but breeding attempts between the two populations were unsuccessful.

Based on this information, which statement correctly describes the relationship between the two populations of tree frogs?

• They are in the same species but different kingdoms.

• They are in the same class but different phyla

• They are in the same family but different orders

• They are in the same genus but different species.

Open Ended

This is Yellowstone National Park, where hot springs like these are found. These springs are HOT and only certain types of bacteria can live there. In which domain do these bacteria belong? AND how do you know?

Multiple Choice

Plants and animals belong to which domain?

• bacteria

• archaea

• eukarya

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic do all organisms in Kingdoms Animalia, Protista, and Fungi have in common?

• They are eukaryotic.

• They are prokaryotic.

• They are unicellular.

• They are multicellular.

Multiple Select

8C: Which list correctly identifies characteristics that protists share with animals? Select all that apply.

• all multicellular

• Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic

• Motile

• Reproduce sexually

Open Ended

8C A student wants to use the Venn diagram below to show the characteristics of two kingdoms of organisms. The characteristics that the two kingdoms share will be listed in the shaded area where the circles intersect.

Which characteristic should the student list in the shaded part of the diagram?

Multiple Choice

Who is most closely related to Taxidea taxus?

• Lutra lutra

• Panthera pardus

• Canis latrans

• Canis lupus

Multiple Choice

A phylogenetic tree based on genetic similarities is shown. Which numbered location on the phylogenetic tree identifies characteristics shared by Species B, C, and D?

• Location 1

• Location 2

• Location 3

• Location 4

Multiple Choice

Based on this phylogenetic tree, which statement is true?

• Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to raccoons

• Brown bears are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to sun bears

• Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to raccoons than they are to giant pandas

• The bear species are all more genetically similar to dogs than they are to giant pandas

Multiple Choice

Which of these animals does not have/produce an amniotic egg?

• Turtle

• Leopard

• Lamprey

• All three of these animals produce the amniotic egg

Open Ended

8B A cladogram is shown.

All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of —

Multiple Choice

According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 

• Amphibians

• Ray finned fish

• Crocodiles

• Birds

Multiple Choice

8B The diagram shows a dichotomous key and a picture of a fruit.

According to the key, the fruit comes from which species of tree?

• Fraxinus americana

• Fraxinus nigra

• Acer platanoides

• Acer negundo

Multiple Choice

A student discovers an arachnid with a segmented abdomen, long legs, and a tail with no stinger. The student uses the dichotomous key below to identify it. Which arachnid has the student found?

• Whip Scorpion

• Wind Scorpion

• Daddy long legs

• Scorpion