[Lesson with Quiz] Chapter 4 - Storage Devices

CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING | JUHAIDA ISMAIL

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LESSON OUTCOMES

1. Differentiate between primary and secondary storage.

2. Identify the important characteristics of secondary storage including

media, capacity, storage devices and access speed.

3. Describe hard-disk platters, tracks, sectors, cylinders and head crashes.

4. Compare internal and external hard drives.

5. Compare performance enhancements including disk caching, RAID, file

compression and file decompression.

6. Define optical storage including compact discs, digital versatile discs and

Blu-ray discs.

Upon completion of this chapter, students should be able to:

CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

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LESSON OUTCOMES

7. Define solid-state storage including solid-state drives, flash memory cards

and USB drives.

8. Define cloud storage and cloud storage services.

9. Describe mass storage, mass storage devices, enterprise storage systems

and storage are networks.

10.Discuss the other types of storage – magnetic stripe card, smart card, RFID

tag, microfilm and microfiche

11.Identify/suggest secondary storage for each category of user

Upon completion of this chapter, students should be able to:

CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

STORAGE holds data, instructions
and information for future use

STORAGE

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

Reading is the process of
transferring items from a storage
medium into memory

Writing is the process of transferring
items from memory to a storage
medium

Multiple Choice

The process of accessing information from secondary storage devices is referred to as _______.

• writing

• reading

• backing up

• restoring

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

SECONDARY STORAGE

▪ Provides permanent or nonvolatile storage.
▪ Items on a storage medium remain intact even when you turn off a

computer or mobile device

STORAGE

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Multiple Choice

The following are the basic characteristics of secondary storage EXCEPT:

• volatile

• sequential

• direct

• non-volatile

Multiple Choice

Choose the most suitable storage medium for Aleya if she wants to store 400MB of audio files as a gift to her friend.

• CD

• DVD

• Blu-ray

• Flash drive

STORAGE

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF SECONDARY STORAGE

▪ Media

physical material that holds data & programs

▪ Capacity

the number of bytes a storage medium can hold

▪ Storage devices

hardware that reads data & programs from storage media

▪ Access speed

measures amount of time required by the storage to
retrieve data & programs

Match

Match the following.

• Media

• Capacity

• Storage devices

• Access Speed

physical material that holds data & programs

the number of bytes a storage medium can hold

hardware that reads data & programs from storage media

measures the amount of time required by the storage to

   retrieve data & programs

• physical material that holds data & programs

• the number of bytes a storage medium can hold

• hardware that reads data & programs from storage media

• measures the amount of time required by the storage to

     retrieve data & programs

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF SECONDARY STORAGE

CAPACITY

STORAGE

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HARD DISK

A hard disk contains one or
more inflexible, circular
platters that use magnetic
particles to store data,
instructions and information

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HARD DISK

▪

Hard disks use rigid metallic
platters that are stacked
one on top of another

▪

It stores and organizes files
using tracks, sectors and
cylinders.

Labelling

Drag and drop the correct answer into the hard disk part.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Read & write head

Spindle

Actuator

Disc platter

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

HARD DISK

▪

Hard disks are sensitive instruments.

▪

The clearance between a hard disk read/write head and the platter is
about 0.000001 inch thick.

▪

A head crash occurs when a read/write head touches the surface of a
platter – resulting in a loss of data or sometimes loss of the entire disk

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the mechanism that reads and writes items in the drive as it barely touches the disk's recording surface?

• read/write head

• disc index

• input vector

• platter notch

STORAGE

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

HARD DISK : TWO BASIC TYPES

INTERNAL HARD DISK

EXTERNAL HARD DISK

▪ Fast access to retrieve large

quantities of information
▪ Slower access

▪ Located inside the system unit

▪ Usually connected to a USB or

Thunderbolt port on the system
unit

▪ Cannot be easily removed from

the system unit
▪ Easily removed

​

​EXAM

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is TRUE about an internal hard disk?

• Variable amount of storage

• Often stores operating system

• Portable

• Slow

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

HARD DISK : PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES

TECHNIQUE

DESCRIPTION

▪ DISK CACHING
▪ Uses cache and anticipates data

needs

▪ RAID
▪ Linked, inexpensive hard disk

drives

▪ FILE COMPRESSION

▪ Reduces file size

▪ FILE DECOMPRESSION

▪ Expands compressed files

Multiple Choice

Identify the technique that uses several inexpensive hard disk drives connected to one another to improve the performance of hard disks.

• Disk caching

• RAID

• File compression

• NAS

STORAGE

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

SOLID STATE STORAGE

▪

Solid-state memory contains no moving parts

▪

Data and information are stored and retrieved electronically

▪

Types of flash memory storage:

Solid-
state
drives

Memory

cards

USB
flash
drives

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SOLID STATE STORAGE

▪

Solid-state drives
✓

Faster and more durable than hard disks

✓

Access to flash memory or solid-state storage

▪

Flash memory cards
✓

Widely used in laptops, smartphones, GPS navigation systems

▪

USB Drives (or Flash Drives)
✓

Connect to USB port

✓

Capacity of 1 GB to 256 GB

✓

Portable

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FLASH MEMORY STORAGE

• contains its own

processor to
manage its
storage

Solid-state
drive

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FLASH MEMORY STORAGE

Advantages
of SSDs
over
traditional
(magnetic)
hard disks:

Higher storage capacity

Faster access times

Faster transfer rates

Quieter operation

More durable

Lighter weight

Less power consumption

Less heat generation

Longer life

Multiple Choice

The following is TRUE of SSDs compared to traditional hard disks.

• Have lower storage capacities.

• Generate more heat.

• Faster transfer rates.

• Shorter life.

Multiple Choice

Select the advantage of SSD from the statements below.

• Enables mobile users to transport files to any other digital devices.

• Provides an internet service that provides hard disk storage.

• Small and lightweight to be transported on a keychain.

• Generates less heat and consumes less power than hard disks.

Multiple Choice

The advantages of Solid-State Drive (SSD) over the traditional hard disk are:

                           I. More heat generation

                         II. Less power consumption

                        III. Lighter weight

                       IV. Quieter operation

• I, II

• II, III

• II, III, IV

• I, II, III, IV

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FLASH MEMORY STORAGE

• a removable flash

memory device that
you insert and
remove from a slot in
a computer, mobile
device, or card
reader/writer

Memory

card

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FLASH MEMORY STORAGE

Common
types of
memory
cards:

CF (CompactFlash)

SDHC (Secure Digital High Capacity)

SDXC (Secure Digital Expanded Capacity)

miniSD

microSD

microSDHC

microSDXC

xD Picture Card

Memory Stick PRO Duo

M2 (Memory Stick Micro)

Multiple Choice

Select common types of memory card from the following:

I. miniSD

II. microSD

III. SDHC

IV. Memory stick

• I and II only

• II and IV only

• I, II and IV only

• I, III and IV only

Multiple Choice

All of the following are memory card devices EXCEPT ____

• CompactFlash

• Solid State Drive

• Secure Digital

• Memory Stick

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FLASH MEMORY STORAGE

• plug into a USB

port on a computer
or mobile device

USB Flash

Drives

STORAGE

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CLOUD STORAGE

▪

Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides storage to
computer or mobile device users

▪

Supplied by servers that provide cloud storage or online storage

STORAGE

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CLOUD STORAGE : ADVANTAGES

Access files from any computer

Store large files instantaneously

Allow others to access their files

View time-critical data and images
immediately

Store offsite backups

Provide data center functions

​EXAM

​

STORAGE

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CLOUD STORAGE : DISADVANTAGES

Access Speed

File Security

​EXAM

STORAGE

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CLOUD STORAGE : SERVICE COMPANIES

​EXAM

Multiple Choice

What kind of storage is an internet service that provides storage to a computer or mobile users?

• Encrypted

• Shared

• Cloud

• Net

Multiple Choice

Find the INCORRECT example for the cloud storage devices.

• Dropbox

• Green Apple

• Google Drive

• SkyDrive

STORAGE

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

OPTICAL DISCS

▪

An optical disc consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of
metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser

Multiple Choice

Khalil wants to save around a three-gigabyte (3 GB) video file of his Hari Raya Aidilfitri celebration in a storage medium permanently.  Which optical should Khalil choose?

• CD-RW

• DVD-ROM

• DVD-R

• DVD-RW

Multiple Choice

What best describes an optical disc?

• a disc made of metal, plastic, lacquer that can add additional hard drive storage

• a portable device made for photographs and other visual file types

• a storage device used for digital camera

• a flat, round portable disc that is written by a laser

Multiple Choice

Choose the FALSE statement that describes about Optical Discs.

• Consists of a flat, round, magnetically coated ribbon of plastic and lacquer.

• Written and read by a laser.

• Typically store software, data, digital photos, movies, and music.

• Read-only and rewritable

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

OPTICAL DISCS

Use reflected light to represent
data
▪

Lands represent 1s and 0s on
the disc

▪

Pits are bumpy areas on the disc
that, when light is reflected,
determine the 1s and 0s

▪

Use tracks and sectors to
organize and store files but only
use a single track unlike the hard
drive

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

OPTICAL DISCS

▪

Optical

discs

commonly

store

items in a single track that
spirals from the center of the
disc to the edge

▪

Track

is

divided

into

evenly

sized sectors

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

OPTICAL DISCS

A CD-ROM can be
read from but not
written to

• Single-session disc

A CD-R is an optical
disc on which users
can write once, but

not erase

A CD-RW is an

erasable

multisession disc

STORAGE

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

OPTICAL DISCS

A DVD-ROM is a high-capacity optical disc on
which users can read but not write on or erase

A DVD-R or DVD+R are competing DVD-
recordable WORM formats, on which users can
write once but not erase

DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are high-
capacity rewritable DVD formats

Multiple Choice

Select the INCORRECT optical discs formats and its description.

• Read Only --> discs cannot be written on or erased by the user

• Write Once —> discs can be written on once

• Read Once --> discs can be read on once

• Rewritable --> discs can be erased and re-written on by the user

Multiple Choice

How do discs commonly store items?

• in random locations anywhere between the centre disc and the edge of the disc.

• in multiple pie-shaped sections that break a track into arcs.

• in single track that spiral from the centre of the disc to the edge of the disc.

• in multiple concentric tracks from the centre of the disc to the edge of the disc.

Multiple Choice

A CD-RW disc ___________.

• can be written to only once

• can be erased and rewritten

• cannot be written on

• cannot be erased

Multiple Choice

Name an optical storage medium that stores data as tiny pits that burn into disc by a high-speed laser.

• DVD

• Zip disk

• Thumb drive

• Flash card

STORAGE

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OPTICAL DISCS

STORAGE

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MASS STORAGE DEVICES

▪

To meet the needs of organizations
requiring

large

amounts

of

secondary storage requirements

▪

Enterprise storage system
✓ Safe use of data across an

organizational network

▪

Devices include:
✓ File servers
✓ Networked

attached

storage

(NAS)

✓ RAID systems
✓ Organizational cloud storage

Multiple Choice

Which of the following specialized high-capacity secondary storage devices are designed to meet organizational demands?

• CD drives

• Flash drives

• USB drives

• Mass storage devices

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

ENTERPRISE STORAGE

▪

Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to manage and
store data and information using devices intended for heavy
use, maximum efficiency, and maximum availability

Network attached storage (NAS)

Storage area network (SAN)

RAID(Redundant Array Inexpensive

Disk)

Tape

Multiple Choice

The mass storage devices for big companies include:

                           I. RAID

                         II. Storage area network

                        III. Tape

                       IV. SSD

• I, II

• I, II, III

• II, III, IV

• I, II, III, IV

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ENTERPRISE STORAGE

STORAGE

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ENTERPRISE STORAGE

• a server that is placed on a network with the

sole purpose of providing storage to users,
computers, and devices attached to the network

Network attached storage (NAS)

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

ENTERPRISE STORAGE

STORAGE

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

ENTERPRISE STORAGE

• a high-speed network with the sole purpose of

providing storage to other attached servers

Storage area network (SAN)

STORAGE

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ENTERPRISE STORAGE

• duplicates data, instructions, and

information to improve data reliability

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT commonly used as enterprise storage?

• NAS

• RAID

• Flash memory card

• Cloud

Multiple Choice

You had to use the computer in the UiTM library to complete an assignment. Which of the following storage you would NOT consider storing your assignment?

• Cloud

• DVD-RW

• Internal hard disk

• USB flash drive

STORAGE

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

ENTERPRISE STORAGE

• a magnetically

coated ribbon of
plastic capable of
storing large
amounts of data
and information

• A tape drive reads

and writes data and
information on a
tape

Tape

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

OTHER TYPES OF STORAGE

Magnetic stripe card

• contains a magnetic stripe

that stores information

Smart card

• stores data on an integrated

circuit embedded in the card

STORAGE

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CSC134 COMPUTER & INFORMATION PROCESSING

OTHER TYPES OF STORAGE

RFID tag

• consists of an antenna and a memory

chip that contains the information to
be transmitted via radio waves

Microfilm and microfiche

• store microscopic images of

documents on a roll or sheet film

Multiple Choice

According to the manufacturing of media, __________ has the longest guaranteed life expectancy.

• Solid State Drive

• Microfilm

• Optical Discs

• Magnetic Disk

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a CORRECT statement for secondary storage?

• Can be accessed by the data bus.

• Direct access by the processing unit.

• Always a volatile memory.

• Both volatile and non-volatile.

Open Ended

Do you understand what you have learned today?

OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS

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1. Compare primary storage and secondary

storage

and

discuss

the

most

important

characteristics of secondary storage.

2. Discuss

hard

disks

including

density,

platters,

tracks,

sectors,

cylinders,

head

crashes, internal, external, and performance
enhancements.

3. Discuss solid-state storage including solid-

state drives, flash memory, and USB drives.

4. Discuss optical disks including CDs, DVDs,

Blu-ray

5. Discuss

cloud

computing

and

cloud

storage.

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THANK YOU