Surface Processes Review

Unit 9: Surface processes

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​

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is the process in which rocks are broken into smaller pieces or fragments.

There are two kinds of weathering.

They are:

o ​

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: when the chemical composition of the rocks are

changed, resulting in a change in their appearance or structure

o ​

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: when the rocks are physically broken in to pieces

Multiple Choice

What do the forces of weathering do to the landscape?

• gradually wear landscapes away.

• build huge mountains

• cause earthquakes

• drop sediments to the ground.

Multiple Choice

Which term best identifies the type of weathering represented by A?

• physical

• biological

• chemical

• glacial

Multiple Choice

Which substance is represented by X on both sides of the flowchart?

• potassium feldspar

• hydrochloric acid

• air

• water

Multiple Choice

Which weathering process is most common in a hot, dry environment?

• abrasion

• frost action

• carbonation

• hydrolosis

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​

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is the process in which broken rocks that have been weatheredare moved to a different location.

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There are four main agents of erosion. Each agent leaves behind a

different form of evidence.

o ​

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§ Moves weathered rocks of all sizes downhill or off the

side of cliffs

§ Sediments are deposited in an ​

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and ​

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pattern.

Multiple Choice

The diagram below shows the sequence of events leading to the deposition of landslide debris. What was the primary force that caused this landslide?

• gravity

• moving ice

• prevailing wind

• stream discharge

Multiple Choice

Unsorted, angular, rough-surfaced cobbles and boulders are found at the base of a cliff. What most likely transported these cobbles and boulders?

• running water

• wind

• gravity

• ocean currents

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There are four main agents of erosion. Each agent leaves behind a

different form of evidence.

​ Wind

§ Moves ​

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weathered rocks

§ Small particles are deposited in a ​

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and ​

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pattern

Multiple Choice

The natural sandblasting (abrasion) of surface bedrock in a desert region is the result of

• wind erosion

• wave erosion

• mass movement

• chemical precipitation

Multiple Choice

Which landscape features are primarily the result of wind erosion and deposition?

• U-shaped valleys containing unsorted layers of sediment

• V-shaped valleys containing well-sorted layers of sediment

• terraces of gravel containing unsorted layers of sediment

• cross-bedded sand deposits containing finely sorted layers of sediment

Multiple Choice

What eroded the feature in the image above

• wind

• water

• oceans

• glaciers

Multiple Choice

The photograph to the left shows a sand dune that formed in a coastal area. This sand dune was most likely formed by 

• water flowing from the left

• Water flowing from the right

• wind blowing from the left

• wind blowing from the right

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There are four main agents of erosion. Each agent leaves behind a

different form of evidence.

Water

§ Water has the power to move rocks small to medium

sized rocks

§ Sediments are deposited in a ​

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and ​

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pattern

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Sediments that are deposited in a sorted and layered pattern will result in

​

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rocks on the bottom and ​

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rocks on top. This is because as

the velocity of wind or water slows down, the larger rocks will be

deposited ​

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.

Labelling

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

B

A

C

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Rivers that have ​

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in them will have erosion and deposition patterns

that are consistent. The pattern depends on the ​

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of the river. The

velocity of the water on the outside of the river is ​

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than the velocity

of the water on the inside of the river. This results in the following

erosion and deposition patterns:

o Inside of the river: ​

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velocity -> more deposition

o Outside of the river: ​

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velocity -> more erosion

Hotspot

Click the locations on the image where the would the stream most likely be the deepest?

Hotspot

Click the locations on the image where the stream would have the fastest velocity.

Multiple Choice

Trees growing on the edge of a river’s meander are most likely to fall into the river due to

• deposition on the inside of the meander

• deposition on the outside of the meander

• erosion on the inside of the meander

• erosion on the outside of the meander

Hotspot

Pick the letters where erosion is the greatest on the image:

Drag and Drop

The block diagram below represents a section of a meandering stream. The arrows show the direction of stream flow.



The stream bank on the outside of this meander is steeper than the stream bank on the inside of this meander because the water on the outside of this meander is moving

​

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, causing more ​

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Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

faster

erosion

slower

deposition

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Ice (Glaciers)

§ Glaciers have the power to move ​

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off all sizes

§ Sediments are deposited in an (sorted/unsorted)​

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and (layered/not layered)​

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pattern

Match

Match the following glacial evidence to their correct definitions:

• U-Shaped Valleys

• Striations

• Kettle lake

• Drumlin

• Moraine

Shape between mountains caused by glaciers as they move

scratches or grooves in bedrock

depressions left behind after partially-buried ice blocks melt.

a small hill with one end coming to a point which indicates direction

unsorted mound of sediment left behind by a glacier typically in ridges

• Shape between mountains caused by glaciers as they move

• scratches or grooves in bedrock

• depressions left behind after partially-buried ice blocks melt.

• a small hill with one end coming to a point which indicates direction

• unsorted mound of sediment left behind by a glacier typically in ridges

Multiple Choice

The photograph shows scratched and grooved

bedrock with boulders on its surface. The scratches and grooves were most likely created when

• alternating thawing and freezing of water cracked the bedrock

• flooding from a nearby lake covered the bedrock

• a glacier dragged rocks over the bedrock

• rocks from a landslide slid along the bedrock

Multiple Choice

The photograph shows a valley. Which agent of erosion most likely produced this valley's shape?

• blowing wind

• ocean waves

• moving ice

• running water

Multiple Choice

The cross sections show a three-stage sequence in the development of a glacial feature. Which glacial feature has formed by the end of stage 3?

• kettle lake

• finger lake

• drumlin

• parallel scratches

Multiple Choice

Base your answer to the following question on the map. Arrows on the map show the location and orientation of glacial striations on the surface bedrock. Dark shading shows the location of large moraines (glacial deposits). How were the striations made?

• Frost action cracked the bedrock during the ice age.

• Rocks at the bottom of the glaciers were dragged over the bedrock.

• Particles carried by winds scratched the bedrock during the ice age.

• Particles carried by glacial meltwater eroded the bedrock.

Multiple Choice

The bedrock at a certain location is deeply scratched, and in some places is covered by a layer of unsorted sediment. Which erosional agent was probably responsible for these features?

• ocean waves

• wind

• running water

• glaciers

Multiple Choice

The diagram represents a stream valley. Which diagram below best shows how this valley might be modified after a glacier has moved through it?

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature. The elongated hills labeled R are most useful in determining the

• age of the glacier

• direction the glacier has moved

• thickness of the glacier

• rate at which the glacier is melting