N3- Respiratory Disorders -Diagnostics and treatments

Besides the physical diagnosis by Auscultation,

​Percussion, Inspection and Palpation, there are some procedures used to detect problems in the system.

HOw to diagnose problems of the Respiratory system

Polysomnography

Spirometry

Bronchoscopy

Thoracospy

Multiple Choice

Complete the definition:

Auscultation ............

• of the lung fields for dullness or hyper-resonance.

• of the lungs for diminished or unusual breath sounds like rales or rhonchus.

• of the hands for signs of cyanosis or clubbing, chest wall, and respiratory rate.

• of the cervical lymph nodes, trachea and chest wall movement.

Multiple Choice

Complete the definition:

Palpation...........

• of the lung fields for dullness or hyper-resonance.

• of the lungs for diminished or unusual breath sounds like rales or rhonchus.

• of the hands for signs of cyanosis or clubbing, chest wall, and respiratory rate.

• of the cervical lymph nodes, trachea and chest wall movement.

Multiple Choice

Complete the definition:

Inspection..............

• of the lung fields for dullness or hyper-resonance.

• of the lungs for diminished or unusual breath sounds like rales or rhonchus.

• of the hands for signs of cyanosis or clubbing, chest wall, and respiratory rate.

• of the cervical lymph nodes, trachea and chest wall movement.

Multiple Choice

Complete the definition:

Percussion ............

• of the lung fields for dullness or hyper-resonance.

• of the lungs for diminished or unusual breath sounds like rales or rhonchus.

• of the hands for signs of cyanosis or clubbing, chest wall, and respiratory rate.

• of the cervical lymph nodes, trachea and chest wall movement.

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It is often necessary in severe respiratory disease like emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis.

Oxygen therapy

Ø  It is often used when oxygen therapy is insufficient and the patient requires it. 

Mechanical ventilation

Patient/family education to improbe prognosis . Interventions can include exercise, education, emotional support, oxygen, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and optimization of airway secretion clearance, among others. 

​​Pulmonary Rehabilitation

​

​​TREATMENTS

Multiple Choice

Oxygen therapy is often used when oxygen therapy is insufficient and the patient requires it.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Oxygen Therapy is often necessary in severe respiratory disease like emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Ø  Pulmonary rehabilitation:  It is intended to educate the patient, the family, and improve the overall quality of life and prognosis for the patient. Interventions can include exercise, education, emotional support, oxygen, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and optimization of airway secretion clearance, among others. 

• True

• False

Bronchodilators:  They are drugs that open the airways of the lungs. They treat asthma, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), allergies, and other breathing problems.

​Treatment continued- PHARMACOLOGICAL

Ø  Many respiratory drugs are given by inhalation, although enteral, parenteral, transdermal, or topical routes of administration may be used for some agents. Some of the common meds are: 

Corticosteroids:  These drugs reduce or prevent inflammation of the airways. Corticosteroids are frequently prescribed to prevent attacks of asthma.

-Anti-IgE antibodies: 

It is a form of treatment for allergic conditions that has been approved for the treatment of moderate to severe persistent asthma and chronic idiopathic urticarial or hives.

Antihistamines:  They treat allergies.

Respiratory Stimulants:   They increase the action of the respiratory system.

-       Expectorants:  They promote the secretion of sputum by the air passages, used to treat coughs.

-       Antivirals:  These drugs treat respiratory viruses such as influenza. 

Multiple Choice

Theophylline is

• Used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

• Used for bronchial asthma, bronchospasm, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.