Lesson 8.6

Poll

How much do you know about the continent of Africa?

• Everything

• Some

• Not Much

• Nothing

Multiple Choice

Africa is the world's

• Largest continent

• Second-largest Continent

• Smallest Continent

• Second-Smallest Continent

Multiple Choice

Where do most Africans live?

• near oil production sites where workers are needed

• along the many rivers of this region where there is lots of water

• in the mountains and desert where land is inexpensive

• along coasts and rivers, or in areas where there is more rainfall

Multiple Choice

How have people in North Africa modified the environment to make it more suitable for farming?

• They have constructed terraces on mountainsides to create more farmland.

• They have used slash-and-burn agriculture to enrich the soil.

• They have imported crops that grow well in a dry environment.

• They have used irrigation to carry water from rivers to crops.

Multiple Choice

What sets Ethiopia apart from other nations in northeastern Africa such as Sudan and Egypt?

• It has a large urban population.

• It has no ethnic minorities.

• Its dominant religion is Christianity.

• Its people have adapted to a dry desert climate.

Multiple Choice

Why does life in the Sahara cluster around oases?

• Oases have good roads and infrastructure.

• The climate at oases is cooler.

• Oases offer a supply of water.

• There are many job opportunities near oases.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly describes patterns of ethnicity in Africa?

• Members of ethnic groups always practice the same religion.

• In most African countries, no single ethnic group makes up the majority of the population.

• Members of ethnic groups rarely speak the same language.

• In most African countries, ethnic minorities are usually recent immigrants or the descendants

  of immigrants.

Africa at Work

Topic 8 Lesson 6

Where do people live in Africa?

●

2nd Largest Continent

●

More than 1.2 Billion People

●

Geography and Climate determines population density patterns.
○

Most densely populated areas are found near water sources
or places with regular precipitation.

Population is
greatest near
adequate water
sources

Tropical Wet
climates which
include rainforests,
do not typically
have large
populations. The
vegetation in these
areas is too dense
and the soils are
poor.

Governments of Africa

Autocracy in Africa:

Dictators rule in a one-party system with no limits
on governmental power.

Equatorial Guinea has a constitution that allows
other parties, however their elections have not

been fair to allow change in presidency since 1979.

Democracy in Africa

Democracy is a form of representative
government in which the citizens have the power

Parliamentary Democracy: South Africa

Presidential Democracy: Kenya, & Nigeria,

Corruption - the use of power for personal gain.

Citizen participation varies by government.

●South Africa: Citizens have the opportunity to participate in the political process by voting

●Kenya and Nigeria- have weaker democracies where elections can be manipulated in favor
of a certain candidate or outcome.

Multiple Choice

How do the governments of South Africa and Nigeria differ?

• South Africa has an authoritarian government; Nigeria is a democracy.

• South Africa has a written constitution; Nigeria does not.

• South Africa is a parliamentary democracy; Nigeria is a presidential democracy

• South Africa has a democratically elected government; Nigeria is a dictatorship.

How do African Economies Work?

The three basic types of economic systems are:

Market: Based on supply and demand- producers and consumers make decisions

Command: Government control what is produced and sold.

Traditional: based on customs

These systems determine how people make and distribute goods and services in an
economy.

There are also mixed economic systems, which are a combination of the three basic
types.

How do African Economies Work?

Mostly mixed economies

●Producers and consumers make
some economic decisions

●Government makes some decisions

Remote, rural parts of Africa

●Use a traditional economy

○Economic decisions are based on
customs

How do African Economies Work?

Resources Rich Continent

South Africa: uranium, precious stones
and metals (diamonds, gold, and platinum)

Oil reserves are located in several
countries: Algeria, Libya, Nigeria, Gabon,
Angola Chad, and Cameroon.

Zambia: Copper

Rich soil produces crops like cacao (for
chocolate) and coffee.

Trade in Africa

Specialization and Changing Economies

Specialization leads to trade, countries produce what they have or can and
export those items in order gain items they need.

Nigeria has large oil and natural
gas reserves - they specialize
in energy production

Kenya specializes in the service
sector. They are developing call
centers to provide customer
service for companies.

Multiple Choice

Nigeria’s economy is almost entirely dependent upon

• energy production.

• agriculture.

• service industries.

• manufacturing.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of specializing in the service sector?

• a country growing mainly coffee beans

• a country exporting minerals

• a country investing in education

• a country focusing on call centers

Trade in Africa

Trade Barriers stand in the way of trade

Tariffs- fees that raise the cost of imports

Quotas - limit imports by quantity

Embargoes- block imports

Currency Exchange complicates trade.

Central and West Africa share a
common currency called CFA Franc to
minimize currency exchange cost. It is
also linked to the Euro, so European
countries remain their main trade
partners.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is evidence that some African countries are trying to reduce trade barriers?

• capital investment

• the CFA franc

• tariffs

• a country focusing on call centers