APA - In-text and Reference List

APA CITATION

7thEdition

Purdue University Writing Lab

1. What does APA stand for?

• Publication Manual of the American

Psychological Association, 7thed.

• www.apastyle.org
• OWL website: owl.english.purdue.edu

Purdue University Writing Lab

Why Use APA Format?

• Allows readers to cross-reference

your sources easily

• Provides consistent format within a

discipline

• Gives you credibility as a writer
• Protects yourself from plagiarism

Purdue University Writing Lab

Avoiding Plagiarism

Proper citation of your
sources in APA style can
help you avoid
plagiarism, which is a
serious offense. It may
result in anything from
failure of the assignment
to expulsion from school.

What is plagiarism? Watch this video

Multiple Choice

Where should APA citations be used?

• Whenever you refer to an external source (in-text)

• After your essay (reference list)

• in-text and in the reference list

• whenever you feel hungry

2. Where should I include APA citation?

APA documentation should appear TWICE
in your paper:

• In-Text Citation (inside your text when you refer to

one external source)

• Reference Page (at the end of your paper); it is a list

of all sources used in your article.

Multiple Choice

Reference-list entry: Riley, L. (2004). Building a Hong Kong martial arts film collection. Collection Building, 23(1), 24-33.

How should the in-text citation be written?

• (Riley, 2004, Page 24)

• (Riley, L., 2004)

• (Riley, 2004, P.24)

• (Riley, 2004, p.24)

3. How

should your
paper look

like?

Hanging

Line

Multiple Choice

Heimans, R. (1996). Gloves off (Tom Uren) [oil paint on canvas]. Canberra: National Portrait Gallery. http://www.portrait.gov.au/portraits/2000.36/gloves-off-tom-urenHow to cite references. (1996). Murdoch University Library. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/find/citation/

Mental disorders and their treatment. (1987). In The new encyclopaedia Britannica (5th ed., Vol. 23, pp. 956-975). Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Balakrishnan, R. (2006, March 25-26). Why aren't we using 3d user interfaces, and will we ever? [Paper presentation].  IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, Alexandria, VA. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2006.148

• The previous APA reference list is correctly formatted

• The previous APA reference list isn't correctly formatted

4. APA General Format

The final draft of the essay should

•Be typed using a Word processor
•Have 1” Margins
•Be in Times New Roman
•Have Size 12 font
•Be double spaced

1. How is APA in-text citation used in your article?

2. What techniques are used to include in-text citation?

In-text citations usually include the last name of the author and the date of publication, (Smith, 2002),
to lead the reader to the listing found in the “References” section, which is placed at the end of the
research paper.

Watch the video:
APA 7th Edition: The Basics of APA In-text Citations

Multiple Choice

Which is the correct APA in-text citation example?

• Atkins (2018) he suggests that the Purdue OWL is a good resource for students.

• Research suggests that the Purdue OWL is a good resource for students (Atkins, June, 2018).

• Atkins (2018) suggests that the Purdue OWL is a good resource for students.

• Atkins suggests that the Purdue OWL is a good resource for students (Atkins, June, 2018).

1. How in-text citations is included in your article?

Format

A parenthetical citation includes both
the author’s last name and year of
publication, separated by a comma, in
parentheses at the end of the sentence.

A narrative citation includes the author’s
name directly in the sentence, with the
year of publication directly following the
author’s last name.

Example

Research suggests that the Purdue OWL is a
good resource for students (Atkins, 2018).

Example

Atkins (2018) suggests that the Purdue OWL is a good
resource for students.

For a parenthetical citation, the page number follows
the year of publication, separated by a comma, and
with a lowercase p and a period before the number
(p.)

For a narrative citation, the page number comes at the
end of the sentence, once again preceded by a
lowercase p and a period (p.)

Signal Phrase/Lead-in sentence

•If you are using narrative citation, then you can
use a short phrase that integrates the author of the
source as part of your sentence.

➢According to Atkins (2002),
➢Atkins (2002) mentions that
➢Atkins and John (2002) argue that

•There are a variety of reporting verbs you can use
for your signal phrase.

Reporting Verbs

argue

claim

state

maintain

believe

assert

introduce

say

find

point out

observe

note

insists

contend

proclaim

stress

emphasize

refer

mention

see

2. What writing techniques are used to

include in-text citation?

Quoting

Author’s last

name

Year of

publication

Page (p.) or paragraph
(para.)number/ page

range (pp.)

Summarizing or

Paraphrasing

Author’s last

name

Year of

publication

We take the idea but
change the wording

We copy the ideas
and the words as

they are

Multiple Choice

Are long quotes and short quotes cited the same way?

• Yes

• No

• Depends on the source

Quotes

Direct/Short

Less than 40

words

is enclosed in

quotation marks

“…..”

Block/Free
Standing

longer than 40

words

Include as a

separate
paragraph

INDENT

Narrative



Jones (1998) found that “50% of students often
had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199).



One study reports that “50% of students often
had difficulty using APA style," (Jones, 1998, p.
199), but the researcher did not offer an
explanation as to why.

Block Quote (long)

More than 40 words

Free-

standing

Block

No

Quotation

Marks

Block Quote

More than 40 words

1. Type the entire quotation on a new line.
2. Indented Five Spaces from the Left

Margin.

3. Maintain Double-spacing throughout.
4. The Parenthetical Citation should come

after the closing punctuation mark.

Quotations : Long/Narrative

Jones' (1998) study finds the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA
style, especially when it was their first time
citing sources. This difficulty could be
attributed to the fact that many students
failed to purchase a style manual or to ask
their teacher for help. (p. 199)

Quotations : Long/Parenthetical

The study found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA
style, especially when it was their first time
citing

sources.

This

difficulty

could

be

attributed to the fact that many students
failed to purchase a style manual or to ask
their teacher for help. (Jones, 1998, p.199)

Summarizing & Paraphrasing

According to

Jones (1998),

APA style is a

difficult citation format for first

-

time

learners.

-

-

​Reference list components:

​What are the components of this reference list entry?

Multiple Choice

Which is the correct name formatting in the Reference List citation section?

• Smith,

• Smith.

• L. J. Smith,

• Smith, L. G.,

The authors' last names are inverted

​If the author's name is unknown, use the name of the organization

If it's unknown, you can use the title instead

Multiple Choice

After tha name of the author in the Reference List, what should you include?

• The name of the book or Journal

• The date and if it's unknown, do not add it

• The page number

• The date and if it's unknown, use n.d.

Multiple Choice

After the date, what should you include?

• The name of the author

• The name of the publisher

• the title of the publication

• the page number or volume number

Stylistic Tips

• Use the past tense or the present perfect tense of verbs in signal phrases when they discuss past

events.

• First-person pronouns rather than third-person

✓: “We conducted an experiment…”

: “The authors conducted an experiment….”

• Active voice when stressing the actions of the research

✓: “We asked participants questions.”

: “The participants have been asked questions by the researchers.”

• Passive voice when stressing the recipient or object of the action

✓: “The tests were inconclusive.”

: “We found the tests inconclusive.”

If the article is a part of a journal or a book or a bigger source in general:

`

Multiple Choice

Titles are ...

• written in Italics and all CAPS

• written in bold and all CAPS

• written in Italics and all the 1st word of each structure word is capitalized

• written in Italics and all the 1st word of each structure word is bolded

Title: Italics + CAPS

1- A signle article --> Italics + CAPS (1st letter of each structural word)

2- An article that's a part of a bigger source:

• The article - normal (no Italics) + sentence CAPS

• The bigger source: Italics + CAPS (1st letter of each structural word)

Multiple Choice

After the title, what should you include?

• source

• page number

• link

• year

​The source (where you can find the article) can be

• the name of the publisher

• database

• platform

• journal

• website ...etc

​If the article/title is a part of a bigger source, like a journal, you'll need to include the details of this source:

volume/edition, (issue), page range. Url or doi

Multiple Choice

Identify the correct parenthetical citation for a quote that comes from page seven in this book: Tannen, D. (1998). The argument culture. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Random House. 

• Every issue we see discussed on television appears to be set up as an argument: “In the argument culture, criticism, attack, or opposition are the predominant if not the only ways of responding to people or ideas” (Tannen, 1998, p. 7). 

• Every issue we see discussed on television appears to be set up as an argument: “In the argument culture, criticism, attack, or opposition are the predominant if not the only ways of responding to people or ideas” (p. 7). 

  Tannen: in the argument culture,

Multiple Choice

The references at the end of your paper should appear 

• numbered in the order in which they appear. 

• in alphabetical order by authors’ surname or by title (if there is no author), regardless of type of reference

• first under those with authors, then those without. 

• according to the date of publication

Multiple Choice

Look at this reference. What kind of material is being referenced below? 

 

Tiziani, A. (2013). Havard’s Nursing Guide to Drugs (9th ed.). Chatswood, Australia: Elsevier Australia. 

• webpage

• article

• journal

• book

Multiple Choice

Look at this reference. What kind of material is being referenced?    

Tan, A. C. W., Emmerton, L. M. & Hattingh, H. L. (2012). Issues with medication supply and management in a rural community in Queensland.  Australian Journal of Rural Health, 20(3), 138-143. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1584.2012.01269.x 

• webpage

• book

• journal article

• book chapter

Multiple Choice

Look at this reference. What kind of material is being referenced? 

 

Better Health Channel. (2012). Body image and diets. Retrieved from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Body_image_and_diets?open   

• webpage

• book

• Journal

• poem

Multiple Choice

Which is the correct APA in-text citation for several authors?

• (Brown and others, 2018) 

• (Brown, Jones, & Harper, 2018) 

• (Brown…, 2018) 

• (Brown et al., 2018) 

Practice

• Cite this

source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.
1007/s12528-018-9179-z

• In-text citation: ….........................
• Citation in the reference list:

…...................................

Practice
Time

In-text Citation: (Dumford & Miller, 2018). Dumford and Miller (2018)
argued that........

Reference Page:

Dumford, A., & Miller, A. (2018) Online learning in higher education:
Exploring advantages and disadvantages for engagement. Journal of
Computing in Higher Education. (30) PP 452–465.

• Author(s)

• Year of publication:

• Title of the article (Capitalize first word only)

• Journal title (italics and capitalize all words)

• Volume (italics) and issue number

• Page range.

• DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

Make sure you enter the correct information

https://www.citethisforme.com/