Physical Science Final Exam Review

Calculate Speed

If a car travels 400m in 20

seconds, how fast is it going?

Calculate Acceleration

A sprinter goes from a speed of 10m/s

to 15m/s in 2 seconds. Find

acceleration.

Newton’s 1st Law

States that balanced forces do

not change motion.

An object at rest stays at rest and an
object in motion stays in motion with the
same speed and in the same direction
unless acted upon by an unbalanced
force.

Newton’s 2nd Law

States that unbalanced forces

do change motion.

States that the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two
variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of
the object.

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

The statement means that in every interaction, there is a pair
of forces acting on the two interacting objects.

Newton’s 3rd Law

Contact

Types of Frictions

Mass Vs Weight

Simple Machines

How does mass and distance between the masses affect gravitational force?

Free Body Diagram Net Force

Pascal’s Principle

Pressure - the amount of force acting on a

given area.

Multiple Choice

Pressure = what

• Force / Area

• Work x Time

• Density X Time

• Distance / Power

Multiple Choice

The SI unit for pressure is what?

• Pascal

• Watt

• Joule

• Newton

Bernoulli’s Principle - states that the speed of a fluid
(air, in this case) determines the amount of pressure that a fluid can exert.

Multiple Choice

Air travels  ______________ over the top of a wing.

• faster

• slower 

• doesn't move at all

• the same speed as

Multiple Choice

What is the best depiction of Bernoulli's principle below?

• As the pressure of a fluid decreases, the speed increases

• As the pressure of a fluid increases, the speed increases

• As the pressure of a fluid decreases, the speed decreases

Multiple Choice

Bernoulli's principle creates ___ in airplanes

• Drag

• Lift

• Weight

• Friction

Charles’s Law - gases tend to expand when heated

Multiple Choice

The relationship of which two variables are compared in Charles’s Law?

• pressure & volume

• volume & temperature

• temperature & pressure

• volume & moles (amount of gas)

Multiple Choice

When the temperature of the gas in closed container is increased, the pressure increases.

• True

• False

Boyle’s Laws -gas pressure and volume are inversely proportional

Multiple Choice

Which container will have a lower pressure?

• left

• right

• they both have the same pressure

• I don't know

Energy Transformation

Multiple Choice

A lamp that plugs into a wall socket draws energy, which flows through a thin wire in the bulb, causing it to heat up until it glows. What energy transformations are taking place?

• Chemical → light → electrical

• Mechanical → sound → light

• Thermal → solar → electrical

• Electrical → thermal → light

Multiple Choice

The law of conservation of energy states ___.

• electrical energy can be transformed into other forms

• energy can be created and destroyed

• energy is never created nor destroyed

• what goes up must come down

Multiple Choice

What type of energy is stored in a battery?

• electrical

• thermal

• radiant

• chemical

Kinetic and Potential Energy

Multiple Choice

Potential energy is the energy of...

• motion

• stored energy

• gravity

• the time

Multiple Choice

A kite stuck in a tree has ______ energy due to its position.

• potential

• kinetic

• chemical

• thermal

Multiple Choice

Moving a book to a lower shelf ________ its potential energy.

• increaes

• decreases

Elements Compounds Mixtures

A substance that
cannot be broken
down into other

substances.

A substance formed
when two or more

chemical elements are

chemically bonded

together.

Combination of two or
more pure substances

in which each pure
substance retains its
individual chemical

properties.

Multiple Choice

KCl₂

• Compound

• Element

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Lucky Charms Cereal

• Compound

• Element

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Fe₂

• Compound

• Element

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Salt (NaCl)

• Compound

• Element

• Mixture

Multiple Choice

Koolaid

• Compound

• Element

• Mixture

Chemical vs Physical

Properties and Changes

Multiple Choice

Melting Cheese

• physical change

• chemical change

Multiple Choice

Burning Wood

• physical change

• chemical change

Heating Curve

Multiple Choice

The melting point of the sample is

• -60 ºC

• 20 ºC

• 60 ºC

• 100 ºC

Multiple Choice

Which letter indicates where water is in both the solid and liquid phase at the same time?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Multiple Choice

In which region(s) does temperature increase?

• Region C only

• Regions B and D

• Regions A, C, and E

• Regions A and B

Multiple Choice

Describe the substance at letter A.

• Solid

• Liquid

• Melting

• Evaporating

Multiple Choice

Describe the substance at letters D.

• Gas

• Liquid

• Melting

• Evaporating

Phase Change Diagram

Multiple Choice

What state of matter is X?

• solid 

• liquid

• gas

• supercritical fluid

Multiple Choice

What state of matter is Z?

• solid 

• liquid

• gas

• supercritical fluid

Multiple Choice

What change occurs from E to C?

• sublimation

• freezing

• melting

• boiling

Multiple Choice

What change occurs from F to E?

• sublimation

• deposition

• melting

• condensation

Solubility Curve

How many grams of NaNO3 are
required to make a saturated
solution in 100g H2O at 30 degree
C?

What kind of solution do you have
if 80g KlO3 are dissolved in 100g
H2O at 70 degree C?

Multiple Choice

How many grams of K₂Cr₂O₇, are soluble in 100 g of water at 95 ºC?

• 83 grams

• 75 grams

• 40 grams

• 12 grams

Multiple Choice

Which substance is MOST soluble at 0 ºC?

• KI

• NaNO₃

• NaCl

• Ce₂(SO₄)₃

Multiple Choice

When 20 grams of potassium chlorate, KClO₃, is dissolved in 100 grams of water at 80 ºC, the solution can be correctly described as:

• supersaturated

• saturated

• unsaturated

Atomic Structure

+
0
-

Nucleus
Nucleus
Electron Cloud

1
1
0

Protons = Electrons
Different Number of Neutrons, Carbon -14
Charge due to amount of Electrons

Multiple Choice

Which of the following parts of an atom are positively charged?

• neutron

• proton

• electron

• nucleus

Multiple Choice

A charged atom is called a(n)...

• electron.

• ion.

• proton.

• acid.

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the pictured isotope?

• Chlorine-Schmorine

• Chlorine-17

• Chlorine-35

• Chlorine-18

Radioactive Decay

Multiple Choice

How is the alpha particle written in a nuclear equation?

• ⁴₂He

• ²₄He

• ⁰_-1e

• ⁰₀γ

Multiple Choice

How is the negative beta particle written in a nuclear equation?

• ⁴₂He

• ⁰₊₁e

• ⁰_-1e

• ⁰₀γ

Multiple Choice

²²⁰₈₇Fr —› ⁴₂He + ____

• ²²⁰₈₉Ac

• ²²⁴₉₀Th

• ²¹⁶₈₅At

• ²¹⁶₈₈Ra

Periodic Table

Multiple Choice

What is the atomic number?

• The number of protons in an element

• The number of neutrons in an element

• The number of protons and neutrons.

• The number of protons and electrons.

Multiple Choice

What is found in the nucleus of atoms?

• Protons and electrons.

• Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

• Protons and neutrons.

• Neutrons and electrons.

Multiple Choice

Each row in the periodic table is called a 

• group

• period

• cluster

• unit

Multiple Choice

Which is an electron?

• A

• B

• C

Multiple Choice

What element is represented in this Bohr Model? 

• Carbon

• Hydrogen

• Aluminum

• Lithium

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does Sodium (Na) have?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

According to the octet rule most elements need _______ valence electrons.

• 2

• 8

• 6

• 18

Multiple Choice

Which of these is incorrect?

Ionic vs Covalent Bonds

●

Non-Metal + Metal

●

Transfer electrons

●

Positive and negative charges

●

Non-Metal + Non-Metal

●

Sharing electrons

●

No charges

Multiple Choice

According to the diagram below, how many bonds will this atom be able to make?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

A covalent bond is

• a bond that shares electrons metallicaly

• A bond that shares electrons with non metals

• Metalloids bonding

• metals and nonmetals bonding

Multiple Choice

Valence electrons are transferred

• Ionic bonds

• Covalent bonds

Multiple Choice

The chemical bond between a metal and a non-metal will be a _____ bond.

• metal

• ionic

• covalent

• polar

Multiple Choice

The chemical bond between a non-metal and another non-metal will be a ________ bond.

• metal

• ionic

• covalent

• polar

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass is neither created nor

destroyed in chemical reactions.

Multiple Choice

The Law of Conservation of Mass states Matter is NEITHER created nor destroyed.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

How many oxygen atoms are in this chemical formula?

• 6 oxygen atoms

• 2 oxygen atoms

• 3 oxygen atoms

• 4 oxygen atoms

Multiple Choice

24 g of magnesium reacts with 38 g of fluorine to produce _____ g magnesium fluoride

• 62 

• 38

• 24

• 14

Multiple Choice

Is this balanced?
2HgO → 2Hg + O₂

• Yes

• No

Type of Chemical Reactions

Multiple Choice

The reaction AB + XY ⟶ XB + AY is an example of ______.

• synthesis

• decomposition

• single replacement

• double replacement

Multiple Choice

What class of reaction best describes the equation below?

MgCO₃ ⟶ MgO + CO₂

• Synthesis

• Decomposition

• Single Replacement

• Double Replacement

• Combustion

Multiple Choice

The reaction AB + X ⟶ XB + A is classified as a _____ reaction.

• synthesis

• decomposition

• single replacement

• double replacement

Multiple Choice

The reaction XY ⟶ X + Y is an example of _____.

• synthesis

• decomposition

• single replacement

• double replacement