CHAPTER 3 lesson proper

Open Ended

What are your take aways?

Research Data

• is any information that has

been collected, observed,
generated or created to
validate a research study.

Interpretation of Data
•
refers to the implementation of
certain procedures through which
data results from surveys is reviewed,
analyze for the purpose of achieving
at valid and evident based conclusion.

•
Denotes a meaning to
the information
analyzed and
determines its
significance and
implications to the
study.

DATA PREPARATION

 first stage of analyzing the data

 main goal is to transform raw

data into something
meaningful, significant and user
friendly.

Data Preparation

DATA
VALIDATION

DATA EDITING

DATA CODING

1.

2.

3.

A.Data Validation

to check whether the gathered data was

performed according to the set
standards.

it is a four-step process, which include:

fraud, screening, procedure,
completeness

Fraud

• to ensure whether each

respondents was actually
interviewed.

Screening

• to check that respondents

were chosen according to
the standard research
criteria.

Procedure

• to make sure whether the

data collection process was
followed.

Completeness

• to make sure that the

interviewer asked the
respondent all the necessary
questions, rather than just
choosing a few ones.

DATA VALIDATIONA.

How are you going to do it?

For instance, suppose a survey with 900 respondents

divided into 9 barangays. The researcher can pick a sample

of 50 random respondents from each barangay.

As a researcher you need to choose a random sample of
completed surveys and validate the data collected rather

than have the whole population as the respondents.

DATA EDITING

B.

researcher should conduct the initial data

checking and edit the raw research data to
identify and clean out any points that may
become the barrier to come up with an
accurate results.

to ensure that data errors will not occur.

DATA EDITING

B.

How are you going to do it?

While editing and checking the data, it is important to
ensure that empty data/information will be removed or

has to be filled in.

For example, an error could be fields in the data

information that were left empty by the respondents.

DATA CODING

C.

this is the number one significant

process in data preparation

refers to grouping and assigning

values/codes to responses from the
conducted survey.

DATA CODING

C.

How are you going to do it?

If a researcher has interviewed 1000 people and
now wants to find the average daily allowance of
the respondents , the researcher will create daily allowance brackets and categorize the daily allowance of each of the respondents as per codes.

DATA PREPARATION

DATA
VALIDATION

DATA EDITING

DATA CODING

1.

2.

3.

DATA ANALYSIS METHOD

Qualitative data analysis usually involves

texts, phrases, images, objects, and

sometimes symbols.

QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

THEME – is generated when similar issues and ideas expressed by

participants within qualitative data are brought together by a researcher

into a single category or cluster.

CODE – in qualitative inquiry is most often a word phase which

symbolically defines a summative, salient, essence-capturing, and/or

evocative attribute for a portion of language-based or visual data.

PATTERN – is something that happens in a regular and repeated way.

6 steps in thematic analysis:

1.Familiarization
with the data

2.Coding

3.Searching for
Themes

4.Reviewing themes

5.Defining & naming themes

6.Writing up

Activity: Make it!

Directions: Choose which theme

best fit each table.

3 themes:

1. Life’s turning point: a baby bum

2. Role changing: new set of responsibility

3. Glint of hope: a blessing in disguise

QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

Sample interpretation of data using the extracted
table from the unpublished research paper of Ms.
Cristy G. Dablo, entitled, “TEENAGE PREGNANCY

AND ITS INTERVENTIONS: MINIMIZING

FUTURE RISKS AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

STUDENTS”

DATA ANALYSIS METHOD

Quantitative data analysis involves numbers and statistics.

Statistical analysis is the core of quantitative analysis. It
deals with basic calculations including average and median

to more sophisticated analysis like correlations and

regressions.

DATA ANALYSIS

Quantitative data analysis involves numbers and statistics.

Statistical analysis is the core of quantitative analysis. It

deals with basic calculations including average and median

to more sophisticated analysis like correlations and

regressions.

Qualitative data analysis usually involves texts, phrases,

images, objects, and sometimes symbols.

Mean

Mean

The mean is the
average or the
most common
value in a
collection of
numbers or data
gathered.

The mean (average)
of a data set is found
by adding all
numbers in the data
set and then
dividing by the
number of values in
the set.

43

How to use Mean
in analyzing data?

44

45

Survey Question
Never

1

Rarely

2

Sometimes

3

Often

4

Always

5

Mathematics make me feel uneasy and
confused.

I have problem in Mathematics because, I am
always nervous when it comes to
mathematics test and exams.

I find difficult to understand mathematics
concept.

I skip my mathematics class.

I prefer studying other subjects than
mathematics.

46

Survey Question
Never

1

Rarely

2

Sometimes

3

Often

4

Always

5
MEAN

INTERPRETATION

Mathematics make me feel
uneasy and confused.
2

5

3

5

15

I have problem in Mathematics
because, I am always nervous
when it comes to mathematics
test and exams.

3

3

4

10

10

I find difficult to understand
mathematics concept.
0

0

3

7

20

I skip my mathematics class

10

5

2

3

10

I prefer studying other subjects
than mathematics.
0

2

8

8

12

47

Survey Question
Never

1

Rarely

2

Sometimes

3

Often

4

Always

5
MEAN

INTERPRETATION

Mathematics make me feel
uneasy and confused.
2

5

3

5

15

Survey Question
Never

1

Rarely

2

Sometimes

3

Often

4

Always

5
MEAN

INTERPRETATION

Mathematics make me feel
uneasy and confused.
2

10

9

20

75

MULTIPLY

ADD then DIVIDE by the No. of

Respondents

48

Survey Question
Never

1

Rarely

2

Sometimes

3

Often

4

Always

5
MEAN

INTERPRETATION

Mathematics make me feel
uneasy and confused.
2

10

9

20

75

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠

𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 2 + 10 + 9 + 20 + 75

116

≈ 3.87

30

=

Interpretation:

1.00 – 1.80 ------------- Never
1.81 – 2.60 ------------- Rarely
2.61 – 3.40 ------------- Sometimes
3.41 – 4.20 ------------- Often
4.21 – 5.00 ------------- Always

50

Survey Question
Never

1

Rarely

2

Sometimes

3

Often

4

Always

5
MEAN

INTERPRETATION

Mathematics make me feel
uneasy and confused.
2

5

3

5

15

3.87

Often

I have problem in Mathematics
because, I am always nervous
when it comes to mathematics
test and exams.

3

3

4

10

10

3.70

Often

I find difficult to understand
mathematics concept.
0

0

3

7

20

4.57

Always

I skip my mathematics class

10

5

2

3

10

2.93

Rarely

I prefer studying other subjects
than mathematics.
0

2

8

8

12

4.00

Often