Hydrology Unit Review

Multiple Choice

A small city gets its drinking water from the river running through its center. This river is fed by rivers that flow down the mountains nearby.How would excessive rainfall in the mountains most likely affect the turbidity of this local water source?

• A. Heavy rainfall would decrease the turbidity of the river downstream.

• B. Heavy rainfall would increase the turbidity of the river downstream.

• C. Heavy rainfall would increase the turbidity of only rivers upstream.

• D. Heavy rainfall would decrease the turbidity of only rivers upstream.

Multiple Choice

Which will occur if humans continue to overload water systems with excess nutrients?

• A. chemosynthesis

• B. eutrophication

• C. nitrification

• D. photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Which process would most likely increase the dissolved oxygen level in a freshwater lake?

• A. algae bloom

• B. lake turnover

• C. photosynthesis

• D. respiration

Multiple Choice

Which is the best example of a point source pollution?

• A. runoff from fields

• B. pesticides sprayed into the air

• C. oil spill from a boat in the Atlantic Ocean

• D. smoke from multiple industries in a large city

Multiple Choice

Cholera is a bacterial disease that is spread throughout a community by contaminated water. How can the spread of cholera (bacteria) be prevented?

• by giving healthy people antibiotics before they get sick

• by hand washing with contaminated water before food preparation

• by using Chlorine to treat water before it enters the water supply

• by using waste to fertilize fields instead of releasing it into the water supply

Multiple Choice

Which human activity has the most negative impact on water quality?

• washing clothes

• recreational boating

• flushing toilets

• agriculture

Multiple Choice

Which is the most important reason for maintaining clean water?

• Goods cannot be transported easily without water

• Energy cannot be generated without water

• People cannot maintain proper hygiene without water

• Organisms cannot live and grow without water

Multiple Choice

What does a pH of 7 most likely indicate about the water quality?

• The water is a strong base

• The water is highly acidic

• The water is toxic to drink

• The water is safe to drink

Multiple Choice

Which best describes the relationship between temperature and dissolved oxygen in a lake?

• As temperature increases, dissolved oxygen increases

• As temperature increases, dissolved oxygen decreases

• As temperature decreases, dissolved oxygen decreases

• A change in temperature has no effect on dissolved oxygen

Multiple Choice

Which is an accurate prediction of the pH of a lake that receives large amounts of acid rain?

• 4-5

• 7-8

• 9-10

• 13-14

Multiple Choice

What step of the treatment process is chlorine added?

• coagulation

• flocculation

• filtration

• disinfection

Multiple Choice

Which best determines the health of a lake used as a source of fresh drinking water?

• its depth and width

• its temperature and dissolved oxygen

• its location and depth

• its temperature and depth

Multiple Choice

Which glass contains water with high turbidity?

• Glass 1

• Glass 2

Multiple Choice

If water temperature goes UP, what happens to the level of Dissolved oxygen?

• It goes up

• It goes down

Multiple Choice

High turbidity means.....

• very clear water

• neutral pH

• very murky or cloudy water

• high nitrates

Multiple Choice

Describes the chemical, physical and biological attributes of water as it is fit for drinking, fishing, swimming, farming, etc

• Water Quality

• Water Sheds

• Dissolved oxygen

• nitrates

Multiple Choice

Pollution that comes from many places all at once.

• Point Source Pollution

• Nonpoint Source Pollution

Multiple Choice

A single, identifiable source of pollution.

• Point Source Pollution

• Nonpoint Source Pollution

Hydrology

Water is essential for

Water

About 97% percent of Earth's water is salt water found in the ocean, while the other 3% is fresh water. The majority of that 3% is found in huge masses of ice near Earth's poles.

Multiple Choice

Most of the 3% of freshwater found on Earth is where?

• In the ocean

• In ice

• In lakes, ponds, and streams

• In the rain

Oceans

• A vast, salty ocean covers an area greater than all the land on Earth combined.

• The four main oceans from largest to smallest are Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic.

Surface Water

• Any body of water above ground, including streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, reservoirs, creeks, and oceans.

Multiple Choice

Which of these is not a type of surface water?

• ocean

• lake

• river

• aquifer

River system

• A river and all its tributaries, or small streams together with the watershed, the land area that supplies water to the system

Ponds and Lakes

• Form when water collects in hollows and low-lying areas of land.

• Lakes are generally deeper and bigger than ponds. In addition, sunlight does not reach the bottom in a deep lake, as it does in a pond.

• A lake that stores water for human use is called a reservoir.

Multiple Choice

What's a difference between lakes and ponds?

• Ponds are bigger and sunlight does not reach the bottom.

• Lakes are bigger and sunlight does not reach the bottom.

• Lakes are bigger and sunlight does reach the bottom.

Wetlands

• Swamps, marshes, bogs

• A wetland is a land area that is covered with water during part or all of the year.

• Wetlands are important because they provide habitats for many living things, act as natural water filters due to slow water movement and plant absorption, and help control floods by absorbing extra runoff from heavy rains.

Groundwater

• Comes from precipitation that soaks into the ground between particles of soil and spaces in layers of rock.

Multiple Choice

Where does groundwater originally come from?

• Lakes

• Precipitation

• Glaciers

• Evaporation

Groundwater

• Rocks and soil, like sand and gravel, that have large connected pores which allow water to pass through, or permeate, are known as permeable.

• Clay and granite are impermeable which means that water cannot pass through easily.

Multiple Choice

Which word means that water CANNOT pass through easily?

• impermeable

• permeable

Bringing Up Groundwater

• Spring-place where groundwater bubbles or flows out of cracks in the rock

• Aquifer-Any underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water and can range in size from a small underground patch to the size of several states

• Well-man-made hole drilled below the water table in order to obtain groundwater from an aquifer

Open Ended

Name one thing that you learned from this presentation.

Multiple Choice

The pie chart above shows the relative amounts of dissolved solids found in ocean water. Which are the two most abundant elements in ocean water and what is the sum of the percentages of these two elements?

• Sodium and Magnesium

• Potassium and Sodium

• Chlorine and Sodium

• Calcium and Chlorine

Multiple Choice

What are the four parts of the water cycle?

• Evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection

• Rain, snow, sleep and hail

• transpiration, rain, sea level, snow

• evaporation, rain, collection

Multiple Choice

Which processes increase the salinity of ocean water?

• Evaporation and precipitation

• Evaporation and freezing

• Condensation and freezing

• Precipitation and freezing

Multiple Choice

As you go deeper in the ocean, what happens to temperature, salinity, pressure, density and light?

• They all decrease

• They all increase

• They all increase except for light which decreases

• They all decrease except for light which increases

Multiple Choice

If you were going to build a community in the middle of the desert what question would be the best to ask about water supply for your community?

• Is the groundwater in the aquifer shallow enough to be pumped by an affordable well?

• Is the amount of melted snow from the neighboring mountain range enough to meet the water needs of the residents?

• Is the water pumped from the Gulf of California enough to satisfy the water needs of the population?

• Is the amount of rainfall sufficient to provide for the water needs of the residents?

Multiple Choice

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution, unlike pollution from industrial and sewage treatment plants, comes from many diffuse sources. NPS pollution is caused by rainfall or snowmelt moving over and through the ground. As the runoff moves, it picks up and carries away natural and human-made pollutants, finally depositing them into lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters and ground waters.

Which example below would not be considered Nonpoint Source Pollution?

• Fertilizer from lawns is carried into a lake by runoff.

• Pesticides from farmland are carried into a river by runoff.

• A factory dumps raw untreated chemicals into a river.

• Oil, grease, and chemicals are washed off of driveways and parking lots by snowmelt and are then carried into a lake.

Multiple Choice

Rank the fresh water that is available for humans to drink from greatest to least.

• streams, rivers, lakes, oceans

• groundwater, lakes, rivers

• groundwater, rivers, lakes

• ocean, glaciers, groundwater

Multiple Choice

What is hydrology?

• the study of water

• the study of the planets in our solar system

• the study of the weather

• the study of the Earth

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a place where freshwater is found on Earth?

• a stream

• a river

• glaciers

• an ocean

Multiple Choice

How many oceans are there?

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

Multiple Choice

What does conserve mean?

• use up quickly so that more can be made

• to save or protect from getting used up

• to make new by scientific processes

• no one knows

Multiple Choice

Where does the majority of our drinking water in the USA come from?

• groundwater

• glaciers

• the ocean

• ice caps

Multiple Choice

What percent of the Earth is covered by water?

• 97%

• 3%

• 1%

• 71%

Multiple Choice

What percent of the worlds water is freshwater?

• 71%

• 1%

• 97%

• 3%

Multiple Choice

There is only 3% of freshwater on Earth but only 1% is accessible right now. Why can't we access the other 2%?

• who said we can't access the other 2%?

• the other 2% is not clean due to pollution

• the other 2% is locked away in glaciers and ice caps

• the other 2% is in the form of clouds and we can't drink clouds

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a way to conserve water?

• taking extra long showers

• allowing the water to run while brushing teeth

• doing the laundry 7 days a week

• throwing nose tissues in the trash instead of always flushing down the toilet

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a way to conserve water?

• tightly turn off the faucet to prevent drips

• using paper plates & cups

• allowing the faucet to run while brushing teeth

• refilling the same water bottle/cup all day to cut back on dishes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a type of wetland?

• bogs

• stream

• marshes

• swamps

Multiple Choice

What do streams and rivers have in common?

• they are both bodies of water that are toxic to humans

• they are both bodies of water that stand still

• they are both saline bodies of water

• they are both flowing bodies of water

Multiple Choice

Why is it important we conserve water?

• there is a limited amount of water available on Earth

• water can grow back we don't have to conserve it

• there is too much water on Earth we need to use it quickly before we drown

• there is not enough fish and animals to swim in the water

Multiple Choice

What is the difference between a pond and a lake?

• Lakes are larger than ponds

• Ponds are larger than lakes

• lakes flow downward while ponds flow upward

• lakes flow upward while ponds flow downward

Multiple Choice

Which ocean is the saltiest?

• Pacific Ocean

• Atlantic Ocean

• Indian Ocean

• Arctic Ocean

Multiple Choice

Which ocean is the largest?

• Indian Ocean

• Arctic Ocean

• Southern Ocean

• Pacific Ocean

Multiple Choice

Which ocean is the warmest surface temperature according to the text?

• Atlantic Ocean

• Indian Ocean

• Southern Ocean

• Pacific Ocean

Multiple Choice

Which ocean is home to the 4 whales; belugas, grey whale, narwhale and the blue whale?

• Atlantic Ocean

• Pacific Ocean

• Arctic Ocean

• Indian Ocean

Multiple Choice

What separates the oceans?

• nothing

• salt

• water

• land/continents

Multiple Choice

What is saline?

• sourness

• salty

• slimey

• sweetness

Multiple Choice

Which would indicate the water in a lake is not safe for drinking?

• Many varieties of fish in the lake

• high dissolved - oxygen levels in the lake

• cold water temperature of the lake

• high turbidity levels in the lake

Multiple Choice

Which best explains why all of the Earth’s freshwater is not available for human use?

• Most of Earth's freshwater is only in lakes.

• Most of Earth's freshwater is underground.

• Most of the Earth's freshwater is still in the water cycle.

• Most of Earth's freshwater is frozen water.

Multiple Choice

If a lake has excess levels of phosphates and nitrates in its water, what will most likely result?

• The temperature of the lake water will decrease.

• The turbidity levels of the lake will decrease.

• The dissolved- Oxygen levels in the lake will increase.

• The growth of algae in the lake will increase.

Multiple Choice

Which is the best reason for scientists to study ice cores obtained from Earth’s ice caps?

• To evaluate potential oil drilling sites

• to study the quality of water stored in glaciers

• to determine the rate of melting in polar regions

• to study past climates by analyzing trapped gases and particles

Multiple Choice

What happens to the temperature of the ocean as depth increases?

• it stays the same

• it increases

• it decreases

• it increases, then decreases

Multiple Choice

Ocean currents have an affect on which two things

• climate and weather
• temperature and density
• land and sea
• equator and poles

Multiple Choice

The Gulf stream carries _____________ water from the east coast of The United States to the West coast of Europe.

• Cold
• Warm 
• Freezing
• Fresh

Multiple Choice

What term is the measure of dissolved salts in water?

• Thermocline
• Salinity
• Saltiness
• Tides

Multiple Choice

Water absorbs heat more slowly than land does; it also ___________________more slowly than land does. 

• Keeps heat
• loses heat
• moves around
• makes waves