WW2 Review Lessons 4-6

Noun- an object that has a round, flat
base and comes to a point at the other

end

Noun- the fruit of a pine or other

evergreen tree. It holds the seeds.

Fill in the Blanks

At the time that coal was being formed, there were no flowering trees. The seeds of pine trees come from pine

instead of flowers.

cone

Noun-a solid figure with six square sides.

Fill in the Blanks

How much coal lies buried in the ground? Enough to form a

with each side more than a mile long.

cube

Noun-The third planet from the sun and the

one we live on.

Noun-soil or dirt

Fill in the Blanks

The story of coal begins over three hundred million years ago. That seems like a long time, but

itself is four and a half billion years old.

Earth

Noun-a green plant with feathery leaves. It

does not produce flowers.

Fill in the Blanks

Coal is formed from plants that died and were pressed into the ground to form thick layers. The most common plants at that time were

and pine trees.

fern

Noun-Something that is burned to give power

or heat, such as wood, coal, or oil.

Fill in the Blanks

Before they were able to get at the coal, people used to burn wood. Coal is better

than wood, as it burns longer and gives more heat.

fuel

Noun-a tiny hard piece of something

Noun-the seeds of cereal plants such as corn,

wheat, or oats.

Fill in the Blanks

In many places the sea moved in and covered the land. Sandstone rock formed from countless

of sand, pressing down on these layers and turning them to coal.

grain

Noun-a cold blooded animal with a long,

narrow body. It has four legs and a long tail.

Fill in the Blanks

It would be several hundred million years before humans and other warm-blooded creatures would appear. The most common animals were insects and small

.

lizard

Noun-Someone who works to dig coal or

useful minerals out of the ground.

Fill in the Blanks

To reach the coal, workers have to go to the bottom of the shaft and start digging. The work these

do is difficult, dirty, and dangerous.

miner

Noun- the time that is happening now. It is

between the past and the future.

Noun-something that one person gives to
another to show love, friendship, or thanks.

Adjective-Being at a certain place at a certain

time.

Fill in the Blanks

How long will it be before we have burned all this coal? At the rate we burn it at

, it will last for a couple of hundred years.

present

Noun-the line made when two pieces of cloth

are sewn together.

Noun-a layer of some natural material that
lies between two other layers in the ground.

Fill in the Blanks

In places, these layers of coal lie deep underground. To reach one of these

, a deep hole called a shaft must first be dug.

seam

Verb-to take in or soak up

Fill in the Blanks

Trees need water to grow and be healthy, just like people. Their roots

water from the ground, and it travels to every leaf on the tree.

absorb

Noun-a heavy weight on a rope or chain. It is
dropped from a boat to keep it from moving.

Verb-to hold something firmly in place.

Fill in the Blanks

A tree's roots are important for another reason. They

the tree to the ground, so that it doesn't get blown over in a strong wind.

anchor

Noun-an object made of short, stiff hairs or

wires that are fastened to a handle.

Verb-to clean, paint, or smooth something by

using a brush

Verb-to touch something lightly by moving

against it.

Fill in the Blanks

Pollen is a yellow powder that you find inside the tree's flowers. Bees

against it as they collect fresh pollen and leave some behind, causing the fruit to begin to grow.

brush

Noun- a small swelling on a plant that will

grow into a flower, twig or leaf.

Fill in the Blanks

Apple trees come to life again in the spring. The

that form at that time will grow into twigs, flowers, or leaves.

bud

Noun-the exact middle of something

Noun-a place where people come together for

some purpose

Fill in the Blanks

If you look at the stump of a freshly cut tree, you will see that it is made up of a number of rings. Starting from the

, the tree adds another ring every year.

center

Noun-the hard middle part of fruits such as
apples or pears. It holds the seeds of the

plant.

Fill in the Blanks

The juicy part of an apple is actually food for its seed to grow. The seeds are tucked snugly inside the apple

.

core

Noun-a building or group of buildings where

things are made.

Fill in the Blanks

Each leaf takes water from the ground and carbon dioxide from the air. Then, like a tiny

, it turns them into sugar that the tree uses as food.

factory

noun-the place where bees live.

Fill in the Blanks

The bees will collect the pollen from many flowers. When they have enough, they return to the

where they use it to feed their young.

hive

Noun-a young tree

Fill in the Blanks

Young trees don't have very deep roots. That is why

sometimes have wire or rope supports fastened to them to hold them to the ground.

sapling

Noun-the tall main stem of a tree. This is

where its branches grow.

Noun-the long nose of an elephant

Noun-a large box or case with a lid that can

be shut and locked.

Noun-the covered part at the back of a car. It

is used for carrying suitcases and other

objects.

Fill in the Blanks

The wood from apple trees burns with a pleasant smell. The best firewood comes from the

and from the tree's larger branches.

trunk

Noun-a large, strong animal related to

monkeys but without a tail. It can stand on

two feet.

Fill in the Blanks

Sa-so has so much to learn but live in a time when there were no schools. He learns by watching the grownups, and then he

what they do.

ape

Noun-the grey matter made of nerve cells
packed inside the skull. It is what we think

with. It controls other parts of the body.

Fill in the Blanks

Sa-so's life would have been very different from the one that you lead. However, his

is much like yours, and he could understand things that you might find difficult.

brain

Noun-a part of a tree that grows out of its

main stem.

Noun-anything that comes from the main part of something.

Fill in the Blanks

Fire gave Sa-so family heat, light, and the means to cook. It was important that each

put on the fire was dry so that it would burn easily.

branch

Noun-a large cave

Fill in the Blanks

Hunters might be away for long periods. When they returned to the

where Sa-so lived, they would be given a warm welcome.

cavern

Noun-something made with an open center to

let the smoke from a fire rise and escape

outside.

Fill in the Blanks

The fire was kept burning because if it went out, it would be hard to start again. Smoke was not a problem, as a hole in the roof acted as a

.

chimney

Noun-a group of twelve

Fill in the Blanks

Sa-so did not read. Writing words and making books would not happen for centuries. However, we know he understood numbers, because he talks of

of cave drawings.

dozen

Noun-the bright glowing gas we see when

something burns.

Fill in the Blanks

There were no books, television shows, radio stations, or video games when Sa-so was living. Members of his family would gather around the fire telling stories and staring into the

.

flame

Noun-a piece of material made of string or
rope knotted together in a way that leaves

evenly spaced holes.

Fill in the Blanks

We know that Sa-so catches fish and smaller animals. For this he used a

, just like someone his age might do today

net

Noun-a long pole a sharp, pointed blade at

one end

Fill in the Blanks

In Sa-so's time, the grownups use

and clubs when they went hunting.

spear

Noun-a burning stick held in the hand to give

light

Fill in the Blanks

Deep inside Sa-so's home, where pictures were scratched on the wall, it was very dark. Those who made the drawings would have used a

to see by.

torch

Animals have many ways to protect themselves. Some have horns. Some have sharp claws. Some have spiky quills. Some animals even use bad smells to chase away enemies!

Herd animals like the buffalo run away from enemies. A buffalo calf can walk minutes after it is born. It can run with its herd after a few hours. It stays close beside its mother and the other adults. This usually keeps the baby buffalo safe.

Living in groups protects other animals, too. Prairie dogs live in huge groups. Their homes are so big that we call them towns. Prairie dogs are not really dogs. They are squirrels. They dig long tunnels deep on the earth. Their underground towns can cover large areas. Prairie dogs take turns watching for danger. If an enemy is near, they bark to sound an alarm. That is why people named them prairie dogs. The warning bark means, "Get underground quick!"

Honeybees, too, live in big groups. Their homes are called hives. Wild bees build hives in places like hollow tree trunks. Animals like bears and raccoons love the bees' honey. They may break open a bee hive to get it. Then many, many bees sting the animal to chase it away. Do you ever walk barefoot? Try not to tread on a honeybee. Bee stings hurt!

Here is another way some animals protect themselves. They can change their color. A lizard called a chameleon can do this. It changes its color to match the place where it is sitting. Then it blends in. Enemies cannot see it. A bug called a katydid can do this too.

Many poisonous snakes have bright, colorful designs on their bodies. A rattlesnake has a diamond pattern. A coral snake has bright red, black, and yellow stripes. This warns other animals to stay away. Some harmless snakes imitate deadly ones. The scarlet king snake is not poisonous. But it fools its enemies into thinking it is. It has bright stripes almost like the coral snake's. The bullsnake pretends to be a rattlesnake. It lifts its tail and shakes it like a real rattler.

Have you ever visited an aquarium? Did you see any pufferfish there? Puffers protect themselves by filling their bodies with air. This way they look bigger and scarier. They are also harder to swallow!

Early people did not have claws like a grizzly bear. They could not run as fast as a buffalo. They did have bigger brains than other animals, though. They figured out how to make weapons. They made heavy clubs. They made bows and arrows. Their weapons protected them. They killed animals with them. That's how they got their food.

Multiple Choice

In this passage, the word earth means

• the third planet from the sun

• nature

• soil or dirt

• town

Multiple Choice

A hive is a home for

• buffalo

• lizards

• prairie dogs

• honeybees

Multiple Choice

Honeybees sometime build their homes in hollow tree trunks. A tree trunk is a tree's

• main branch

• main stem

• bark

• pinecone

Multiple Choice

Lizards such as the chameleons are

• warm-blooded squirrels

• cold-blooded animals with four legs

• warm-blooded animals with four legs

• cold-blooded snakes

Multiple Choice

How did early people's brains help them protect themselves?

• People made their own sharp claws and horns

• People got in their cars and drove away from enemies

• People figured out how to make weapons

• People figured out how to change color like a chameleon

Multiple Choice

A cavern is a large

• bowl

• creature

• cave

• tent

Multiple Choice

A fishing net has

• a long pole and a sharp hook

• places for fish to live

• one hole in the middle

• evenly spaced holes

Multiple Choice

Long ago, people used torches

• to light their way in the dark

• to cook their food

• for making warm clothing

• for shelter

Multiple Choice

A spear is a long pole with a

• brush on the end

• large hook at the end

• sharp blade at the end

• fishing net at the end

Multiple Choice

A tree's branches grow out of

• its main stem

• its leaves

• its roots

• the soil

Multiple Choice

Your brain is inside your

• foot

• skull

• closet

• chest

Multiple Choice

An apples' core holds its

• skin

• seeds

• branches

• leaves

Multiple Choice

A circle's center is its

• exact shape

• exact size

• exact middle

• top half

Multiple Choice

Mom uses this wooden trunk for

• exercising

• cleaning the rug

• playing music

• storing blankets

Multiple Choice

A boat's anchor

• keeps it from moving

• is its motor

• is its sail

• keeps it from sinking

Multiple Choice

To brush against someone is to

• bump that person hard as you move past

• touch that person lightly as you move past

• brush that person's hair with a hairbrush

• accidentally trip that person with your foot.

Multiple Choice

A factory is a building where

• the students learn how to read

• doctors help patients

• workers make things

• families live

Multiple Choice

A sapling is a young

• tree

• person

• dog

• flower

Multiple Choice

A car's trunk

• seats people

• carries objects

• makes the car go

• cleans the front window

Multiple Choice

A hive is a home for

• bees

• spiders

• squirrels

• ants

Multiple Choice

A miner

• works in a factory

• digs for useful metals

• teaches students in school

• builds tall buidlings

Multiple Choice

Earth is the

• planet we live on

• second star from the sun

• second planet from the sun

• fifth planet from the sun

Multiple Choice

A cone is the fruit of

• a maple tree

• an oak tree

• a pine tree

• an apple tree

Multiple Choice

Grain is the seeds of

• cereal plants such as wheat

• trees such as evergreens

• flowers such as roses

• cactuses such as saguaros

Multiple Choice

A fern is a plant with

• red flowers

• round leaves

• tiny white flowers

• feathery leaves

Multiple Choice

The present

• happened long ago

• will happen many years from now

• is happening right now

• will never happen

Multiple Choice

Which describes a lizard?

• a warm-blooded animal with four legs

• a cold-blooded animal with four legs

• a bird

• a fish

Multiple Choice

We planted vegetables in the earth. Another word for earth is

• garden

• water

• sun

• soil