Semester Review

Review the following Science Engineering Practices (SEPs) we will use this year.

Multiple Choice

Which SEP involves designing experiments?

• Asking Questions & Defining Problems

• Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking

• Planning and Carrying out Investigations

• Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information

Multiple Choice

Which SEP is used when things are too big or too small to see?

• Engaging in Argument from Evidence

• Developing
  & Using Models

• Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking

• Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions

Multiple Choice

This SEP involves making a claim and supporting it with evidence. (Pick the BEST answer.)

• Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information

• Constructing Explanations and Designing Soultuions

• Asking Questions and Definingin Problems

• Engaging in Argument from Evidence

Multiple Choice

This SEP involves problem-solving. Choose the BEST answer

• Analyzing and Interpreting Data

• Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions

• Developing and Using Models

• Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking

Multiple Choice

This SEP is something scientists and engineers do before starting an investigation/ experiment.

• Analyze and Interpret Data

• Engage in Argument from Evidence

• Ask Questions and Define Problems

• Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking

Multiple Choice

Which SEP involves making sense of data?

• Analyzing and Interpreting Data

• Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions

• Asking Questions and Defining Problems

• Developing and Using Models

Multiple Choice

Giving a presentation is an example of this SEP.

• Asking Questions and Defining Problems

• Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information

• Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions

• Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking

Multiple Choice

This SEP involves doing calculations.

• Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions

• Developing and Using Models

• Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking

• Asking Questions and Defining Problems

Cell Theory

Middle School

Key Vocabulary

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Cell

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, making up all known living things.

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Cell Theory

The theory that all living things are composed of cells, which are the basic units of life.

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Microscope

An instrument for viewing small objects, such as cells, that are not visible to the naked eye.

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Specialized Cells

Cells with a specific structure and function, like nerve cells or red blood cells in the body.

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Tissue

A group of similar specialized cells that work together to perform a specific function in an organism.

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Organ

A structure made of two or more specialized tissues that work together to perform a specific job.

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Observing Cells: A Closer Look

Light Microscope

• A light microscope uses a beam of light to make cells visible.

• It is used to observe whole cells and their general shapes.

• Robert Hooke first saw cells using an early version of this microscope.

Electron Microscope

• An electron microscope uses a beam of electrons instead of light.

• It helps scientists see the tiny, detailed structures found inside of cells.

• These microscopes are much more powerful than the standard light microscopes.

Multiple Choice

What is the primary difference between how light microscopes and electron microscopes allow us to see specimens?

• Light microscopes are used for bacteria, while electron microscopes are used for human cells.

• Light microscopes use a beam of light, while electron microscopes use a beam of electrons.

• Light microscopes can see inside cells, while electron microscopes can only see the surface.

• Light microscopes were invented recently, while electron microscopes were invented in 1665.

The Cell Theory

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All Living Things Have Cells

• Every living organism is made up of one or more cells.

• Some organisms, like bacteria, are made of just one single cell.

• Complex organisms like plants and animals are made of many cells.

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Cells Are Basic Life Units

• The cell is the smallest unit that can carry out life.

• They are the fundamental building blocks of all living things.

• Each cell performs specific functions necessary for life's processes.

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Cells Come From Cells

• New cells are created from cells that already exist.

• This process of making new cells is called cell division.

• It ensures the continuation of life from one generation to next.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is one of the three main principles of the cell theory?

• All cells come from other pre-existing cells.

• Hereditary information (DNA) is passed from cell to cell.

• All cells have the same basic chemical composition.

• Energy flow occurs within all cells.

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Levels of Organization

• In multicellular organisms, cells are organized into different levels to perform jobs.

• Tissues are groups of specialized cells that work together, like liver tissue.

• Organs, like the liver, are made of tissues working to do a job.

• Organ systems work together to form a complete organism, like a human.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of organization from simplest to most complex?

• Organs -> Tissues -> Cells -> Organism -> Organ Systems

• Tissues -> Cells -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organism

• Cells -> Organs -> Tissues -> Organ Systems -> Organism

• Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organism

Multiple Choice

Based on the historical development of the cell theory, why was the invention of the microscope a critical first step?

• It proved that all cells are able to get energy from food.

• It helped prove that all cells have the same chemical composition.

• It showed that plants and animals were made of completely different materials.

• It allowed scientists to observe cells for the first time, which was necessary to even know that they existed.

Multiple Choice

How does the structure of a flat skin cell help it perform its function?

• It allows the cell to divide and create new cells more rapidly.

• It allows the cell to fit tightly with other cells to form a protective layer.

• It helps the cell move easily through blood vessels to deliver oxygen.

• It helps the cell send signals to the brain very quickly.

Multiple Choice

A scientist discovers a new organism. According to the cell theory, what can the scientist predict about this new life form?

• Its cells must be visible to the naked eye.

• It must be composed of at least one cell.

• It must have specialized cells organized into complex tissues.

• It must be a multicellular organism with organ systems.

Plant and Animal Cells

Open Ended

Record your answers to the essential questions before moving on.

What differences between plant and animal cells do you know?

Open Ended

Record your answers to the essential questions before moving on.

What organelles do you know?

Open Ended

Record your answers to the essential questions before moving on.

What organelles do you know the function of?

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the best description of an organelle?

• Little Organisms

• Tiny Organs

• Large Cells

• Big Structures

Multiple Select

Mark all the correct responses.

What do plant and animal cells have in common?

• Nucleus

• Cell Walls

• Membrane Bound Organelles

• Size and Shape

Multiple Choice

Based on the diagrams of the cells what can we say is different between them?

• Plant cells have smaller nuclei

• Plant cells have larger vacuoles

• Animal cells have smaller nuclei

• Animal cells have larger vacuoles

Fill in the Blank

Plant cells have an extra layer on the outside known as the __________________.

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is the reason plants like trees can grow and stand tall even in strong winds?

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Cell Wall

Fill in the Blank

This organelle is very flexible and controls what comes in and out of the cell

Multiple Choice

I am only found in Plant cells

• Cell Wall

• Cell Membrane

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is not a job of the nucleus?

• carry hereditary material

• control cell activities

• create energy

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is the reason plants usually have a green color to them?

• Chloroplasts

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

This organelle is found in both types of cells and breaks food down into energy.

• Chloroplasts

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

This organelle is found in both types of cells and in in charge of storing materials and waste.

• Chloroplasts

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

This organelle is found in both types of cells and is like a jelly filling that other organelles float in.

• Chloroplasts

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

• Vacuole

Multiple Choice

Which two organelles are only found in plant cells?

• Chloroplast, Nucleus

• Mitochondria, Cell Wall

• Chloroplast, Cell Wall

• Mitochondria, Nucleus

Multiple Choice

What is different between vacuoles found in plant cells compared to ones found in animal cells?

• Vacuoles in plant cells are smaller

• Vacuoles in plant cells are larger

• Vacuoles in plant cells create more energy

• Vacuoles in plant cells hold more hereditary material

Open Ended

Record your answers to the essential questions now that you are done with the quizziz.

What differences between plant and animal cells do you know?

Open Ended

Record your answers to the essential questions now that you are done with the quizziz.

What organelles do you know?

Open Ended

Record your answers to the essential questions now that you are done with the quizziz.

What organelles do you know the function of?

Photosynthesis Notes

By Azalea Wagner

Multiple Choice

What are the products of photosynthesis?

• water and carbon dioxide
• oxygen and glucose
• oxygen and carbon dioxide
• oxygen and water

Multiple Choice

What is the organelle that contains the chlorophyll used in photosynthesis ?

• mitochondria
• ribosome
• chloroplast
• nucleus

Multiple Choice

Plants need what to do photosynthesis?

• Food absorbed from ground
• Sun's energy
• Food broken down
• Minerals from the soil

Multiple Choice

What gas goes into the plant before photosynthesis?

• Carbon Dioxide
• Carbon Monoxide
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen

Multiple Choice

What three things are needed for a plant to do photosynthesis?

• Glucose, Oxygen, Sunlight
• CO₂, Oxygen, Sunlight
• CO₂, Water, Sunlight
• Oxygen, Water, Sunlight

Multiple Choice

Which plant part absorbs water and nutrients?

• Leaf
• Stem
• Roots
• Flower

Multiple Choice

Which plant part transports water and nutrients to different parts of the plant?

• Leaf
• Stem
• Roots
• Flower

Multiple Choice

Which plant part collects the sun's energy and makes food?

• Leaf
• Stem
• Roots
• Flower

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the green pigment inside plants?

• Monophyll
• Chlorophyll
• Epiphyll
• Glorophyll

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT A TRUE statement about why photosynthesis is important:

• It captures and makes the sun's energy available to all species
• It turns deadly CO₂ into Oxygen for us to breath
• It helps plants create energy to send to rest of food chain
• It makes the water for our planet

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT AN IMPACT photosynthesis has on an ecosystem:

• Oxygen for animals and humans to breathe
• Food for us to eat
• Taking CO₂ out of the air
• Taking oxygen out of the air

Multiple Choice

What for of energy is produced as a result of cellular respiration?

• sunlight

• ATP

• glucose

• lipids

Multiple Choice

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

• C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ --> --> --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

• C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6CO₂ --> --> --> 6O₂ + 6H₂O

• 6 CO₂ + 6H₂O --> --> --> 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆

Multiple Choice

Which organelle does cellular respiration happen in?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Chlorophyll

• Chloroplast

Multiple Choice

Which organisms perform CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

• Only Autotrophs

• Only Heterotrophs

• Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

Multiple Choice

___ is needed for cellular respiration, it is absorbed from the air.

• oxygen

• glucose

• carbon dioxide

• water

Multiple Choice

___ is needed for cellular respiration, it comes from food.

• glucose

• water

• oxygen

• carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

• C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → ATP + CO₂ + H₂O

• CO₂ + H₂O → ATP + C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

• C₆H₁₂O₆ + H₂O → ATP + CO₂ + O₂

• C₆H₁₂O₆ + CO₂ → ATP + H₂O + O₂

Multiple Choice

When does cellular respiration occur?

• With sunlight

• At night

• All the time

Multiple Choice

The reactants in cellular respiration are

• sugar (glucose), oxygen

• carbon dioxide, water

Multiple Choice

The products of cellular respiration are

• carbon dioxide, water, energy

• oxygen and sugar (glucose)

Osmosis and Diffusion

Multiple Choice

What organelle is considered to be the “gatekeeper” for plant and animal cells?

• Cell Wall
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleous
• Cell Membrane

Multiple Choice

This organelle controls what goes in and out of plant and animal cells.

• Cell Wall

• Cell Membrane

• Chloroplasts

• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

Permeable means

• things can pass through
• the concentration levels are different
• it is permanent
• things are stuck

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of  Selective Permeability?

• The movement of materials across the cell membrane that requires NO ENERGY from the cell.
  
• The movement of materials through (or across) the cell membrane
  
• The ability of the cell membrane to allow some things to pass through while preventing other things from passing through.
• The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration (where the molecules are more crowded together) to a area of low concentration (where molecules are more spread apart)
  

Multiple Choice

Equilibrium?

• a large  amount of substance on  side of the cell and a small amount on the other side
• a small  amount of substance on  side of the cell and a large amount on the otherside
• equal amount of substance on either side of the membrane  
• no particles on either side of the a cell membrane

Multiple Choice

_______ regulates what enters and leaves a cell.  

• Cell Membrane
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Cytoplasm

Multiple Choice

Where is there a low concentration of perfume?

• in the bottle
• on the hand
• in the room
• in the top

Multiple Choice

Where is there a low concentration of dye?

• at the bottom of cup
• in the color
• at the top of cup 
• no concenteraion gradient

Multiple Choice

The picture below is an example of _________________.

• osmosis
• isotonic
• diffusion
• active transport

Multiple Choice

What is diffusion?

• when molecules move 
• when molecules move from a high concentration to a low.
• no movement 
• molecules move everywhere

Multiple Choice

What is the definition of Osmosis?

• the movement of WATER molecules across the cell membrane.
  
• the state where molecules are equally concentrated (balanced) on both sides of the cell membrane.
  
• the process that brings LARGE particles INTO the cell through the cell membrane
  
• he movement of molecules across the cell membrane that REQUIRES ENERGY output from the cell
  

Multiple Choice

Where is there a high concentration of bbq smoke?

• In the bbq pit
• In the house
• Two streets over
• In the atmosphere

Multiple Choice

Where is there a high concentration of water?

• in the flower
• cannot be determined by picture.
• in the vase
• in the leaves

Multiple Choice

What is DIFFUSION?

Multiple Choice

During osmosis

• water moves from high to low concentration
• large or oddly shaped molecules move across a cell membrane
• water moves when energy is used
• proteins are built

Multiple Choice

Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.

• food
• energy
• oxygen
• water

DNA aka deoxyribonucleic acid

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, ia a macromolecule that determines traits of living things. A DNA molecule is made up of nucleotides joined together by chemical bonds.

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​What is it?

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Multiple Choice

What does DNA determine?

• traits of living things

• traits of nonliving things

• organization of living things

• Did Not Attempt

Each nucleotide is made of 3 parts: a sugar, the phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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​What is it made of?

​

The sugar known as a deoxyribose and the phosphate group make up the sides of the DNA molecule.

​

​What is it made of?

​

Multiple Choice

How many parts make up a nucleotide?

• One

• Two

• Three

• Four

Multiple Select

What are the parts of a nucleotide?

• sugar

• nucleotide

• nitrogenous base

• phosphate group

A living thing's genetic code is determined by the sequence of bases that are found in the center of the molecule. Adenine always pairs with thymine and cytosine with guanine.

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​What does it determine?

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Multiple Select

What are the names of the nitrogenous bases?

• adenine

• cytosine

• thymine

• guanine

Multiple Choice

Adenine always pairs with...

• thymine

• cytosine

• guanine

• adenine

Multiple Choice

Cytosine always pairs with...

• thymine

• cytosine

• guanine

• adenine

Multiple Choice

Thymine always pairs with...

• thymine

• cytosine

• guanine

• adenine

Multiple Choice

Guanine always pairs with...

• thymine

• cytosine

• guanine

• adenine

The molecule gets twisted into a shape known as a double helix.

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What is the shape of DNA?

Multiple Choice

What is the shape of DNA?

• double helix

• single helix

• squiggle

• twisty step looking thing

Punnett Squares

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic would most likely be inherited by a baby?

• brown hair
• crying a lot
• ability to jump high
• his ability to talk

Multiple Choice

Which trait does a puppy inherit from its parents?

• fur color and pattern
• obedience to commands
• food brand preference
• affection for a specific home

Multiple Choice

Which best describes an inherited trait?

• a characteristic one chooses to express
• a characteristic one receives from the food one eats
• a characteristic that is passed on from one's parents
• a characteristic that is influenced by one's surroundings

Multiple Choice

Dominant alleles are written with:

• Upper case always

• Lower case always

Multiple Choice

Recessive alleles are written with:

• Upper case always

• Lower case always

Multiple Choice

Dd would look

• Dominant

• Recessive

• Both

• None

Multiple Choice

dd would look

• Dominant

• Recessive

• Both

• None

Multiple Choice

TT and Tt are both

• Dominant

• Recessive

• Both

• None

Multiple Choice

AA

• Genotype

• Phenotype

Multiple Choice

aa

• Genotype

• Phenotype

Multiple Choice

One allele for brown eyes and one allele for blue eyes

• Genotype

• Phenotype

Multiple Choice

Blue eyes

• Genotype

• Phenotype

Multiple Choice

The physical appearance of a trait is known as the-

• genotype
• phenotype
• characteristics
• intelligence

Multiple Choice

How many letters does a genotype contain?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

What type of Genotype is this: AA?

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

What type of Genotype is this: Aa?

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

What type of Genotype is this: aa?

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

What type of Genotype is this: Tt?

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

What type of Genotype is this: Rr?

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

What type of Genotype is this: DD?

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

What type of Genotype is this: pp?

• Homozygous

• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

Fill in the Yellow Box

• AA

• Aa

• aa

Multiple Choice

Fill in the Yellow Box

• Bb

• BB

• bb

Multiple Choice

The punnett square is used to tell the color of a frogs skin. "G" means green skin and "g" means brown skin. What is the chance the baby frogs will have brown skin?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

How chance the offspring born from this cross will have a homozygous dominant genotype?

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

What allele combination should go in the missing box?

• AA
• Aa
• aa
• none of these

Multiple Choice

A heterozygous long-tusked elephant is crossed with a homozygous recessive short-tusked elephant. What is the probability of the offspring having short tusks?

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 75%

Multiple Choice

What is the probability of a purple-horned unicorn if a heterozygous pink-horned unicorn is crossed with a heterozygous pink-horned unicorn?

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 75%

Multiple Choice

B = brown eyes

b = blue eyes

One brother has genotype BB and the other brother has genotype Bb.

Which statement is true about these two brothers?

• They have same phenotype and genotype

• They have different phenotypes and genotypes

• They have same phenotype, but different genotypes

• They have different phenotypes, but the same genotype