Ch 19

Chapter 19

Multiple Choice

Which does NOT describe the location of the heart?

• it is just posterior to the sternum and medial to lungs

• rotated so left atrium and left ventricle face anteriorly

• in the mediastinum

• apex is slightly left of center

• base points toward right shoulder

Labelling

Label the correct locations/borders of the heart:

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

right

base

left

apex

inferior

superior

Drag and Drop

​

Placeholder

are the two upper RECEIVING chambers of the heart, and the ​

Placeholder

are the two lower PUMPING chambers.

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Atria

ventricles

Match

Match the following heart chambers to their circulation

• right atrium

• left atrium

• right ventricle

• left ventricle

receives deoxygenated blood from the body

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

pumps deoxygenated blood into lungs

pumps oxygenated blood around the body and the heart

• receives deoxygenated blood from the body

• receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

• pumps deoxygenated blood into lungs

• pumps oxygenated blood around the body and the heart

Labelling

Label the following layers of the heart wall

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

pericardial cavity

parietal layer of serous pericardum

fibrous pericardium

epicardium

myocardium

endocardium

Multiple Choice

The pericardium (pericardial sac) surronds the heart and defines the

• fibrous pericardium

• seroud pericardium

• parietal pericardium

• visceral pericardium

• pericardial cavity

Match

Match the following sublayer with its description

• fibrous pericardium

• serous pericardium

• parietal pericardium

• visceral pericardium

• pericardial fluid

tough outer layer made of dense connective tissue

delicate inner layer composed of two layers

fused to the fibrous pericardium

also known as epicardium, fused to the heart wall

fills space between parietal and visceral pericardium

• tough outer layer made of dense connective tissue

• delicate inner layer composed of two layers

• fused to the fibrous pericardium

• also known as epicardium, fused to the heart wall

• fills space between parietal and visceral pericardium

Reorder

Place the heart layers in order from innermost to outermost layer

• endocardium

• myocardium

• epicardium

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Match

Match the following

• endocardium

• myocardium

• epicardium

consists of simple squamous epithelium and sparse areolar connective tissue

forms atria and ventricles; consists of cardiac muscle, blood vessels, and nervous tissue

exposed surface secretes pericardial fluid; covers outer surface of the heart

• consists of simple squamous epithelium and sparse areolar connective tissue

• forms atria and ventricles; consists of cardiac muscle, blood vessels, and nervous tissue

• exposed surface secretes pericardial fluid; covers outer surface of the heart

Multiple Choice

The atrioventricular septums are thicker than the interventricular septum due to greater pressure in the atrias.

• true

• false

Match

Match the following

• interatrial septum

• interventricular septum

• atrioventricular septum

separates the atria

separates the ventricles

between atria and ventricles

• separates the atria

• separates the ventricles

• between atria and ventricles

Drag and Drop

The heart valves prevent inversion (​

Placeholder

) of atrioventricular valvesduring ventricular contraction, which prevents backflow of blood (​

Placeholder

) into atria.

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prolapse

regurgitation

Match

Match the following valves to their description

• tricuspid

• bicuspid

• pulmonary

• aortic

contains 3 cusps; separates right atria from right ventricle

contains 2 cusps; separates left atria from left ventricle

3 crescent cusps; separates right ventricle from pulmonary trunk

3 crescent cusps; separates left ventricle from aorta

• contains 3 cusps; separates right atria from right ventricle

• contains 2 cusps; separates left atria from left ventricle

• 3 crescent cusps; separates right ventricle from pulmonary trunk

• 3 crescent cusps; separates left ventricle from aorta

Dropdown

During ventricular relaxation, AV valves ​

Select answer

and SL valves are ​

Select answer

.

Dropdown

During ventricular contraction, AV valves are ​

Select answer

and SL valves are ​

Select answer

.

Match

Match the following valve disorders to their description

• prolapse

• regurgitation

• stenosis

cusps are forced backwards by force of blood

backflow if blood

hardening/calcification of valve

• cusps are forced backwards by force of blood

• backflow if blood

• hardening/calcification of valve

Match

Match the following parts of the coronary circuit to their descriptions

• cardiomycytes

• coronary arteries

• coronary veins

highly active cells; require oxygen and nutirents and produce wastes

supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium; arise from aorta

drain the myocardium of deoxygenated blood and retun it to the chambers of the heart

• highly active cells; require oxygen and nutirents and produce wastes

• supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium; arise from aorta

• drain the myocardium of deoxygenated blood and retun it to the chambers of the heart

Match

Match the following

• RCA (right coronary artery)

• marginal artery

• posterior interventricular artery

supplies right atrium, portions of both ventricles, and portions of the conducting system

small; extends inferiorly from RCA

extends between ventricles on posterior side of heart

• supplies right atrium, portions of both ventricles, and portions of the conducting system

• small; extends inferiorly from RCA

• extends between ventricles on posterior side of heart

Match

Match the following

• LCA (left coronary artery)

• anterior interventricular artery

• circumflex artery

supplies blood to left ventricle, left atrium and interventricular septum

extends between ventricles on anterior side of heart

wraps from anterior to posterior and ends in another marginal artery

• supplies blood to left ventricle, left atrium and interventricular septum

• extends between ventricles on anterior side of heart

• wraps from anterior to posterior and ends in another marginal artery

Match

Match the following

• middle cardiac vein

• posterior cardiac vein

• great cardiac vein

• small cardiac vein

• coronary sinus

parallel to PIA

parallel to marginal artery (posterior)

parallel to AIA

parallel to RCA and marginal artery

all coronary veins convergee here

• parallel to PIA

• parallel to marginal artery (posterior)

• parallel to AIA

• parallel to RCA and marginal artery

• all coronary veins convergee here

Multiple Select

Which of the following describes the structure of cardiac muscle fibers?

• lots of mitochondria and blood vessels

• shorter, branched, uninucleate

• posses intercalated discs

• limited repair and/or mitotic ability

• cardiomyocytes are striated; have regular pattern of sarcomeres

Dropdown

The heart is made up of mainly ​

Select answer

the conduct impulses and perform contractions, but there are also a small percentage of ​

Select answer

that form the conduction system that starts action potential.

Multiple Choice

The fastest cells of the heart set the pace.

• true

• false

Drag and Drop

The conduction system begins with the ​

Placeholder

(pacemaker) which has the highest rate of depolarization and set the normal eletrical pattern. Then travels to the ​

Placeholder

and the ​

Placeholder

to distribute impulses across atria as they travel towards ventricles.

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SA node

internodal pathways

Bachmann's bundle

AV node

AV bundle branches

bundle of His

Purkinje fibers

Dropdown

Next, the wave of depolarization travels to the ​

Select answer

where it is delayed to allow for atrial contraction. Then, it travels to the ​

Select answer

where it runs along interventricular septum. Next, ​

Select answer

where it conducts impulse out to ventricles, and lastly ​

Select answer

distribute impulse to ventricular myocardium and trigger ventricular contraction.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are true about ECG?

• it is a recording of the eletrical impulses in the heart over time

• composed of ALL action potentials generated by the nodes and contractile cells at a given time

• different parts of the ECG correspond to different cardiac events

• also known as EKG

Match

Match the following

• P wave

• QRS complex

• T wave

depolarization of atria

depolarization of ventricles

ventricular repolarization

• depolarization of atria

• depolarization of ventricles

• ventricular repolarization

Dropdown

The period of contraction when blood is pumped is known as ​

Select answer

, and the period of relaxation when the chambers fill with blood is known as ​

Select answer

.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are true concerning the pressure and flow during the cardiac cycle?

• fluids follow pressure gradients (high to low pressure)

• during diastole, blood flows passively from veins to atria and from atria to ventricles

• during systole, pressure rises and blood is actively pumped

• during diastole, pressure rises and blood is actively pumped

• during systole, blood flows passively from veins to atria and from atria to ventricles

Dropdown

Between heartbeats, the heart is briefly at rest; ​

Select answer

blood flow to the heart; blood is ​

Select answer

flowing into right and left ​

Select answer

. ​

Select answer

are open and blood flows into ventricles, but both ​

Select answer

are closed.

Multiple Select

Select the other terms for systole

• contraction

• depolarization

• relaxation

• repolarization

Multiple Select

Select the other terms for diastole

• contraction

• depolarization

• relaxation

• repolarization

Multiple Choice

After the "atrial kick" to fill the remaining area of the ventricles, what happens to the atria?

• systole

• diastole

• contraction

• ejection

Dropdown

Ventricular systole has two phases. ​It begins with ​

Select answer

which occurs when the pressure in the ventricles closes AV valves but does not open the semilunar valves. Next, ​

Select answer

is when the pressure in ventricles exceeds pressure in arteries, so blood is ejected into pulmonary trunk and aorta (semilunar valves open).

Dropdown

Ventricular diastole has two phases. The early phase is when semilunar valves close as interventriuclar pressure drops and AV valves remain closed (ALL valves closed). This allows blood to flow into atria, but not into the ventricles and is known as ​

Select answer

. ​

Select answer

is when all the chambers are relaxed, so AV valves open and blood passively flows into ventricles.

Labelling

Label the parts of contraction and relaxation on the ECG

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

atrial systole

atrial diastole

ventricular systole

ventricular diastole

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the best indicator of tissue perfusion?

• cardiac output

• stroke volume

• heart rate

• blood pressure

Drag and Drop

Cardiac output depends on heart rate and stroke volume. ​

Placeholder

is established by the cardiac conduction system and measured in bpm. ​

Placeholder

is the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle in a single contraction.

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Heart rate

Stroke volume

Multiple Choice

If a person has a heart rate of 110 bpm and a stroke volume of 75 mL/beat. What would the patient's cardiac output be?

• 35 mL/min

• 8,250 mL/min

• 825 mL/min

• 3,500 mL/min

Match

Match the following

• angina pectoris

• ischemia

• hypoxia

chest pain related to coronary disease

decreased or insufficient blood flow

defecient oxygen

• chest pain related to coronary disease

• decreased or insufficient blood flow

• defecient oxygen

Match

Match the following

• Myocardial infarction

• Pericarditis

• cardiac tamponade

• bradycardia

• tachycardia

heart attack; blood flow to heart muscle is blocked, causes damage or death to muscle

inflammation of pericardium; caused by viral or bacterial infection, or autoimmune disease

accumulation of fluid in pericardial cavity that restricts movement to the heart

heart rate is slower than normal

heart rate is faster than normal

• heart attack; blood flow to heart muscle is blocked, causes damage or death to muscle

• inflammation of pericardium; caused by viral or bacterial infection, or autoimmune disease

• accumulation of fluid in pericardial cavity that restricts movement to the heart

• heart rate is slower than normal

• heart rate is faster than normal