1.3 PMA review

Populations Vocab to remember

• Factors that cause a population to increase:

  • Immigration: (I= Into), individuals moving into a population

  • Birth: Individuals being born

• Factors that cause a population to decrease

  • Emigration: (E= exit), individuals moving out of a population

  • Death: Individuals dying

• Carrying capacity: The largest pop size that can be supported in an areea without harming the environment

Multiple Choice

A population of rodents becomes stranded on a remote island.  Eventually, the population reaches the island’s carrying capacity.  At this point, which statement would be true about the birth and death rates in this population?

• Birth and death rates would be relatively equal.

• Birth and death rates would be crashing.

• Birth and death rates would be density independent.

• Birth and death rates would be increasing exponentially.

Multiple Choice

The population of adult frogs in a wetlands ecosystem has increased to 1000 individuals, which is its carrying capacity. The frogs eat flies and other small animals, and they are prey for raccoons, snakes, and a variety of large birds. Which most likely would happen if an additional 200 adult frogs immigrated to the ecosystem?

• The carrying capacity for frogs in the ecosystem would increase by 200 frogs.

• The population frogs would decrease because of limited resources, or by predation or disease.

• The carrying capacity for frog predators in the ecosystem would increase by 200 individuals.

• The frog population would decrease by 200 frogs because of the individuals leaving the population.

Multiple Choice

The figure shows changes in the population size of primary consumers observed in the Great Plains of the United States over a 7-year period. Which statement most likely explains the change sin carrying capacity over this 7 year period?

• A new source of prey was introduced between years 3 and 4

• A new group of primary consumers emigrated between years 0 and 2

• The number of primary consumers were depleted between years 0 and 2

• The introduction of a new species of primary consumer occured between years 3 and 4

Multiple Choice

When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat.  Why do they do this?

• Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly
• Non-native  plants cause native animals to relocate
• Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine
• Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources

Multiple Choice

There are 39 native species to the Florida Everglades National Park that are listed as threatened or endangered. Climate change has caused an increase in catastrophic events, such a hurricanes. What impact would a catastrophic event have on the endangered species ecosystem?  

• An event could cause a loss of an endangered species, which would increase the mutation rate in plants.

• An event could cause a loss of an endangered species, which would ​​​​​​​reduce biodiversity in the ecosystem.

• An event could cause a loss of an endangered species, which would cause pesticides to become more toxic to insects.

• An event could cause a loss of an endangered species, which would decrease the space and resources available to other organisms.

• When an existing ecosystem is disturbed

• Original ecosystem is replaced by new species

Secondary succession

• Starts with bare rock, no soil

• The land was newly formed or previously uninhabited

Primary Succession

Succession summary

Climax community: the end result of succession, stable and mature ecosystem

Multiple Choice

Which type of succession is likely to occur immediately following a volcanic eruption that caused total destruction of a given area?

• Secondary succession because all of the soil was lost in the eruption.

• Primary succession because new organisms will be needed to create soil.

• Secondary succession because some previous soil will still be left behind after the eruption.

• Primary succession because it killed many of the organisms in the mountainous ecosystem.

Multiple Choice

Heavy rainfall in a mountainous region caused a landslide that removed all the soil and organisms that inhabit the area. Which of the following best describes the type of succession?

• Primary succession because it is occurring in an area with bare rock

• Secondary succession because the climax community can start growing

• Secondary succession because it occurred in an established ecosystem

• Primary succession because it would take a very long time for new organisms to move in

Multiple Choice

What type of species would most likely be found in the area labeled 3 in the figure?

• Plants that require sunlight

• Animals that require plenty of oxygen

• Amphibians that need a warm habitat

• Species that feed on dead organisms

Multiple Choice

Which choice best describes why 90% of all marine organisms thrive/live in the photic zone, which is the portion of a body of water that receives light from the sun and interacts with the atmosphere?

• The photic zone is a major source of carbon and nitrogen as nutrients for many organisms.

• Salinity and pH levels within the photic zone are most stable, enabling more organisms to live there.

• The photic zone is where photosynthesis occurs, and animals need photosynthetic organisms for food.

• All organisms need sunlight to live and they stay in the photic zone in order to gain the most sunlight possible.

Multiple Choice

Estuaries are areas where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with saltwater from the ocean. In the last twenty years, there has been an

increase in the new factories built near the Tampa Bay estuary. These factories are producing a lot of pollution that has created a cloud of smog that

consistently covers the estuary. In an effort to determine the effect on the local populations, data has been collected on pH levels within the estuary.

The results of this data collection are shown in the figure

• An immigration of saltwater species that are better adapted to the changing environment

• An immigration of freshwater species that are better adapted to the changing environment

• An increase in the death rate of the organisms living in the estuary

• An increase in the carrying capacity of the organisms living in the estuary

Multiple Choice

The pictures show one of Earth's polar ice caps in 1984 and 2012. What change in the arctic ecosystem is being show in the pictures?

• An increase in the amount of ice in the ice cap because succession is occurring.

• A decrease in carbon dioxide being absorbed causing the ice cap to increase.

• An increase in temperature at the Earth's core causing the ice cap to melt.

• A decrease in the size of the ice cap because Earth's climate is changing.

Multiple Choice

Storm surges are temporary rises in sea levels caused by storms. The image below shows the impact of storm surges on Florida coasts resulting from Earth’s changing climate and the effect it has on sea level rise. What long term effects would rising storm surges have on Florida’s coastal ecosystems?

• New species will emigrate to the coastal areas due to an increase in the availability of

  water.

• Biodiversity will decrease in the coastal regions of Florida due to the continual loss of

  habitats.

• Organisms will have increased access to limiting factors which will stabilize the coastal

  ecosystems.

• Organisms will have easier access to necessary resources due to an increase in the

  coastal habitat.

Multiple Choice

Ecologists are studying how extinction rates have changed over time. The figure shows how these rates have changed over the past 500 years. Which statement best describes the consequence of the trends in Figure 1?

• Ecosystems will flourish as biodiversity increases

• Ecosystems will experience collapse as biodiversity decreases.

• Abiotic and biotic factors will be depleted with increasing populations.

• Organisms will immigrate to new habitats causing a decrease in biodiversity.

Multiple Choice

Fossil fuels are found in the earth‘s crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, which is burned for energy. Which of the following highlights a benefit of using this source?

• The extraction of the fossil fuels from the environment improves ecosystem health
  

• Improvement to the process of using the energy found in this resource has eliminated its impacts on human health

• Systems used to convert fossil fuels into usable energy already exist

• By removing this abiotic factor from the environment, the producer have been able to flourish and stabilize the ecosystems

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes how the amount of energy changes as it flows from one trophic level to the next in the marine food web shown below?

• When sea birds consume fish, about 10 percent of the fish’s energy is transferred to the sea birds.

• When krill consume phytoplankton, about 90 percent of the phytoplankton's energy is transferred to the krill.

• Energy increases as it is transferred from penguins to seals, since seals are larger than penguins.

• Energy decreases as it is transferred from fish to squid, since fish are producers and squid are consumers.

Multiple Choice

What property of water allows a Polar Bear to eat its prey on a block of ice in the Artic ocean?

• Cohesion

• Ability to moderate temperature

• Universal Solvent

• Expansion on freezing

Multiple Choice

What property of water allows the oceans' water to store carbon dioxide?

• Cohesion

• Universal solvent

• expansion on freezing

• ability to moderate temperature

Multiple Choice

True or false: Photosynthesis is a process that helps remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

This image shows the detailed structure of the tiny mitochondria organelle.  Which microscope most likely took this image?

Esta imagen muestra la estructura detallada del diminuto orgánulo mitocondrial. ¿Qué microscopio probablemente tomó esta imagen?

• Compound Light

• Scanning Electron

• Dissecting

• Transmission Electron

Multiple Choice

Which microscope would you use to see the outside of a bee with a magnification under 100X. 

• Compound Light
• Scanning Electron
• Dissecting
• Transmission Electron