S1.1 Particulate Nature of Matter

S1.2: Particulate Nature of Matter

​Classifying Matter

All matter can be classified as follows:

​Molecules

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​Compounds & Fixed Ratios

​1

​Cl

​H

​State Changes

​ All elements and compounds can exist in different states of matter at different temperatures/ pressures. Changing from one state to another is a physical change because no new chemicals are made in the process of changing a state.

​States of Matter

​Explore this simulation to change states of different elements/compounds by adding or removing energy. Complete the chart blow.

​States in Physical Changes

​Complete this chart using the examples in the next slides....

​There are 4 states writing physical or chemical changes:

• ____ for solid (ionic compounds, some covalent compounds, most metals)

• ____ for liquid (bromine, water, ammonia, ethanol, mercury, etc)

• ____ for gas (diatomic gases, CO2)

• ____ for aqueous (when a chemical is dissolved in water) 

Multiple Choice

Which best represents melting of water?

• H₂O(l) → H₂O(l)

• H₂O(s) → H₂O(l)

• H₂O(l) → H₂O(s)

• H₂O(l) → H₂O(g)

• H₂O(s) → H₂O(g)

Multiple Choice

Which best represents freezing of water?

• H₂O(l) → H₂O(l)

• H₂O(s) → H₂O(l)

• H₂O(l) → H₂O(s)

• H₂O(l) → H₂O(g)

• H₂O(s) → H₂O(g)

Multiple Choice

Which best represents vaporization of ethanol?

• C₂H₅OH(l) → C₂H₅OH(g)

• C₂H₅OH(s) → C₂H₅OH(l)

• C₂H₅OH(l) → C₂H₅OH(s)

• C₂H₅OH(s) → C₂H₅OH(g)

Multiple Choice

Which best represents condensation?

• C₂H₅OH(l) → C₂H₅OH(g)

• C₂H₅OH(s) → C₂H₅OH(l)

• C₂H₅OH(g) → C₂H₅OH(s)

• C₂H₅OH(l) → C₂H₅OH(g)

• C₂H₅OH(g) → C₂H₅OH(l)

Multiple Choice

Which best represents sublimation of dry ice (CO₂)?

• CO₂(l) → CO₂(g)

• CO₂(s) → CO₂(l)

• CO₂(g) → CO₂(s)

• CO₂(s) → CO₂(g)

• CO₂(g) → CO₂(l)

Multiple Choice

Which best represents deposition of dry ice (CO₂)?

• CO₂(l) → CO₂(g)

• CO₂(s) → CO₂(l)

• CO₂(g) → CO₂(s)

• CO₂(s) → CO₂(g)

• CO₂(g) → CO₂(l)

Multiple Choice

Which best represents dissolving of table salt (NaCl) in water?

• NaCl(l) → NaCl(g)

• NaCl(s) → NaCl(l)

• NaCl(aq) → NaCl(s)

• NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq)

• NaCl(g) → NaCl(aq)

​States in Chemical Changes

​Separating Mixtures

​We will now practice different techniques for separating mixtures. Refer to your notes for details on each.

Multiple Choice

A double displacement reaction producing a solid precipitate that settles to the bottom.

• Distillation

• Solvation

• Filtration

• Chromatography

Multiple Choice

Scientists would like to separate the colored pigments found in berries.

• Distillation

• Solvation

• Filtration

• Chromatography

Multiple Choice

After reacting an acid and a base, a salt that dissolves in the resulting solution is made. They would like to isolate the salt from the solution.

• Distillation

• Solvation

• Evaporation

• Chromatography

Multiple Choice

In manufacturing a medicine, they want to increase the purity of the solid product, which has some impurities from the production process.

• Distillation

• Solvation

• Chromatography

• Recrystallization

​Kinetic Energy & Temperature

​The faster something moves, the more kinetic energy it has:

​Explore the simulation to help you figure out the definition of temperature by add/removing heat and seeing its effect on temperature.

Definition: The _____________ kinetic _____________ of particles.

Kelvin & Celsius Scales

• A degree change of a degree Celsius or kelvin represents the same energy change.

• The kelvin scale is an absolute scale because the lowest possible value is 0.

• The Celsius scale is a relative scale because its measurements are relative to the freezing point of water.

Kelvin & Celsius Scales

​This is given in the Data Booklet incase you forget.