Unit 3A Pt 1 - Cell Organelles & Transport

Unit 3A Part 1 -
Cell Organelles & Transport

• All organism are made up of one or more cells.

• All cells come from pre-existing cells.

• The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization that performs life functions.

​Cell Theory

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

• Cells are the basic units of life.

• All living things are made of cells.

• Very few cells reproduce.

• All cells come from existing cells.

Cell Organelles

​​Eukaryote

​

​ •Eukaryotic cells, such as plant and animal cells, have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, as well as other organelles with membranes.
​

• Do not have a membrane bound nucleus, but DO have DNA

• Has a cytoplast, cell wall, and cell membrane.

• Lack most other membrane-bound organelles.

​

​Prokaryote

Multiple Choice

Prokaryotic cells lack

• cytoplasm.

• a plasma membrane.

• a nucleus.

• genetic material.

Multiple Choice

Eukaryotic cells contain specialized structures that perform important cellular functions. These structures are called ___.

• cells

• organelles

• organs

• ribosomes

Multiple Choice

 __________ are the most basic unit of life.

• Organelles

• Cells

• Atoms

• Molecules

Multiple Choice

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotes use RNA instead of DNA.

• Prokaryotes lack a cell membrane on the outside.

• Prokaryotes lack ribosomes to make proteins.

• Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles.

• Cytoplasm

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Mitochondrion

• Ribosome

• Lysosome

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Golgi Apparatus

• Vacuole

• See unit 3, lesson 4, page 2 for an organizer. 

​Organelles in Plants and Animals

• Forms a barrier between the outside environment and the inside of a cells.

• Function = to allow certain materials into and out of the cell.

• Made of two lipid layers.

• Phospholipid bilayer- Two-layer “sandwich” of molecules that surround an organelle or cell

​

​Cell Membrane
GIZMO Practice

Multiple Choice

Which of these is directly involved in transporting nutrients into and out of a cell?

• Cell Membrane

• Nucleus

• Mitochondrion

• Ribosomes

Cell Transport

Diffusion is the movement of the molecules of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated.

​​Diffusion

Another form of passive transport, osmosis, is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.​

​​Osmosis

Multiple Choice

Osmosis is a form of passive transport. Osmosis is the movement of water across a cell membrane from an area of ___ to ___ concentration, using ___ energy.

• LOW to HIGH, using energy

• HIGH to LOW using energy

• LOW to HIGH, using NO energy

• HIGH to LOW concentration, using NO energy

•Both diffusion and facilitated diffusion are forms of passive transport because the cell does not use any energy to move the substances.

​​No ATP Energy Required

​

•Using energy to move molecules across a membrane is called active transport.

​​ATP Energy Required

​•In exocytosis, a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and spills its contents outside the cell.

​​Exocytosis

•In the reverse process, endocytosis, vesicle bud inward from the plasma membrane and carry materials into the cell.

​​Endocytosis

Multiple Choice

Endocytosis and exocytosis are forms of active transport, What is active transport?

• the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from high to low, using no energy

• the movement of molecules up a concentration gradient from low to high, using energy

• the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from high to low, using energy

• the movement of molecules up a concentration gradient form low to high, using no energy

Multiple Choice

Cells dispose of large waste molecules through a process called

• diffusion.

• endocytosis.

• osmosis.

• exocytosis.

•A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solute, such as sugar, and a lower concentration of water than another solution.

​​Hypertonic

•The solutions are then isotonic, meaning that they have the same concentration of solute.

​​Isotonic

​•A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solute (sugar) and a higher concentration of water.

​​Hypotonic

Multiple Choice

What does it mean for an environment to be isotonic?

• The concentration of solute is greater in the environment than inside the cell.

• The concentration of solute in the environment is different from the concentration inside the cell.

• The concentration of solute in the environment and the concentration inside the cell are at equilibrium.

• The concentration of solute is greater inside the cell than in the environment.

Multiple Choice

A cell is dropped into a saltwater solution and shrivels up. You infer that, compared to the cell, the type of saltwater solution is

• hypertonic.

• hypotonic.

• isotonic.

• tonic.

•Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it.

•Smooth ER does not have ribosomes.

​•Enzymes built into the smooth ER perform many different functions, such as building lipid molecules and producing hormones.

​​Types of ER

Multiple Choice

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is rough because it is covered with ______.

• nuclei

• reticulums

• ribosomes

• cells

Multiple Choice

What would happen to a cell that lacked smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

• It would not be able to make lipids.

• It would not be able to replicate DNA.

• It would not be able to produce tRNA.

• Its cell membrane would be impermeable.

•Some products made in the ER travel in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus, an organelle that modifies, stores, and sends proteins and other chemicals to their next destinations. 

•The finished products move by vesicles to specific targets within the cell or leave the cell by exocytosis.

Multiple Choice

The ___ modifies, stores, and routes proteins and other chemical products to their next destinations

• lysosome

• Golgi apparatus

• endoplasmic reticulum

• Vacuole

•Ribosomes are clusters of proteins and nucleic acids that build new proteins.

•Ribosomes in the cytoplasm make proteins that remain in the cytoplasm.

•Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum make proteins that move out of the cell.

Ribosomes

​

Multiple Choice

All cell structures have various functions. Which of these cell structures are used to make proteins?

• Golgi apparatus

• mitochondrion

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Ribosome

​ •The cytoplasm also contains lysosomes, membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes that breakdown large molecules. 

•Lysosomes destroy harmful bacteria and break down damaged organelles.

​​Lysosomes

Multiple Choice

Why are lysosomes important to the health of cells?

• They break down worn-out cell parts that are no longer needed.

• They allow cell organelles to move freely through the cell as needed.

• They move proteins around the cell.

• They create cell boundaries and make cells rigid.

• Powerhouse of the cell

• Converts nutrients (sugar) into energy (ATP)

• Contain their own DNA

​

​Mitochondria

Multiple Choice

These organelles convert the energy in food molecules to a form the cell can use.

• Chloroplasts

• Mitochondria

• Lysosomes

• Ribosomes

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the mitochondria?

• site of digestive enzymes
• site of ATP (energy) production
• site of photosynthesis
• site of protein production

• Cell Wall

  • Protects and supports the cell

  • Helps the cell maintain its shape

  • Made up of layers that can be flexible and elastic or rigid and woody

• Chloroplast

  • Converts radiant energy of the sun into chemical energy (glucose and oxygen) during photosynthesis

​

​ Organelles in Plants

Multiple Choice

What would happen to a plant if the chloroplasts in its cells became damaged?

• The plant would be unable to make protein.

• The plant would be unable to reproduce.

• The plant would not have rigid structure.

• The plant would not make glucose and oxygen.

Multiple Choice

Using your understanding of the function of chloroplasts and specialized cells, infer why plant root cells lack chloroplasts.

• Roots are underground and are not exposed to sunlight.

• Root cells have two central vacuoles.

• Roots require fewer nutrients.

• Root cells have many mitochondria.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organelles provide structure and rigidity to a plant cell?

• cell membrane

• ribosome

• cell wall

• chloroplast

Videos - Linked in Padlet

• Amoeba Sisters The Grand Cell Tour

• Amoeba Sisters: Cell Transport

• Passive Transport

• Active Transport

• Cell Organelles

• Osmosis and water potential

• Osmosis Solutions

• Growing Bacteria in a Petri Dish

• Homemade Petri Dish Experiment