Age of Napoleon

Age of Napoleon: 1799-1815

November 1795-1799: The Directory

• The Directory was a five-member group that replaced the Committee of Public Safety

• It was weak and struggled to enforce government policies and had to rely on the military

• The Directory struggled with corruption and attempts to overthrow them

Multiple Choice

What was the five-member group that replaced the Committee of Public Safety?

• The National Assembly

• The Convention

• The Directory

Multiple Choice

What made the Directory a weak ruling body?

• They were led by Robespierre

• They were against the revolution

• they had to rely on the military and struggled with corruption

• Napoleon was promoted for making successful battle plans and supporting the revolution

• Napoleon gained popularity because he was seen as a successful leader who defeated enemies

• He overthrew the Directory and declared himself First Consul of France

• He had unlimited control

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Nov. 1799: Napoleon overthrows government

Multiple Choice

Why was Napoleon promoted?

• He was a supporter of Louis XVI

• he made successful battle plans

• he executed Robespierre

Open Ended

How did Napoleon gain popularity and power in France?

Multiple Choice

Who did Napoleon overthrow to become First Consul of France?

• The Convention

• The Third Estate

• The Directory

• New set of laws based on Enlightenment principles

• Rights to all citizens before the law

• Religious toleration

• Women lost rights

• Adopted by many other leaders

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March 21, 1804: The Napoleonic Code

Multiple Choice

What principles were the Napoleonic Code based on?

• The Enlightenment

• The Protestant Reformation

• The Glorious Revolution

Multiple Choice

What was the Napoleonic Code?

• a series of wars

• a set of laws under Napoleon

• the last phase of the French Revolution

Multiple Choice

Why was the Napoleonic code a major turning point in history?

• many countries adopted law codes

• many nations became a democracy

• many nations granted free speech

1804-1812: The Napoleonic Wars

• Napoleon added areas of the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, and Germany to France.

• Put his brother on the throne of Spain which led to uprisings.

• 1812: Napoleon invaded Russia with 600,000 soldiers.

• Napoleon got stuck in the harsh Russian winter.

• Fewer than 20,000 survive of the 600,000 that invaded Russia

• Napoleon returned to France defeated and weakened.

Multiple Choice

What was one factor that caused Napoleon’s invasion of Russia to be unsuccessful?

• poorly trained military

• harsh winter climate

• lack of alliances

Multiple Choice

Series of wars fought by Napoleon to expand the French Empire were known as

• The Crusades

• The Hundred Years War

• The Napoleonic Wars

​In 1814 Napoleon and his army were defeated. He was exiled to the island of Elba. Napoleon escaped and reclaimed power in 1815. He raised another army and was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo. He was exiled once again to the island of St. Helena until his death.

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1814-1815: Napoleon Defeated

Multiple Choice

Where was Napoleon exiled the first time?

• Elba

• Corsica

• Crete

Multiple Choice

What battle was the final defeat for Napoleon?

• The Battle of Waterloo

• The Battle of Leipzig

• The Battle of Trafalgar

• This was a meeting of European states.

• Purpose was to address the conflict in Europe caused by the Napoleonic Wars.

• Balance of power was established to prevent future wars

• Monarchy restored in France​

Nov. 1814-Jun. 1814: Congress of Vienna

Multiple Choice

At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to

• restore the monarchy in France

• spread the idea of democracy

• promote the European free-trade zone

Multiple Choice

One of the main purposes of the Congress of Vienna was to

• promote the unification of Italy

• restore the Holy Roman Empire

• establish a balance of power in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon