Science DCP#1 Review Lesson

DCP#1 Review
The Universe
Sun, Earth & Moon Systems

Fold your paper so that you have four boxes

​Braindump!

Components of the Universe

8.8(A) describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, and galaxies...
6.11(B) understand that gravity is the force that governs the motion of our solar system

Multiple Choice

What keeps planets in the solar system from moving in straight lights through the galaxy?

• Light energy

• Gravity

• Inertia

• Potential energy

Multiple Choice

The moon remains in orbit around Earth because of the force of -

• Earth's rotation

• the moon's rotation

• Earth's gravity

• the sun's gravity

Multiple Choice

The Earth remains in orbit around the sun because of the force of -

• Earth's rotation

• the moon's rotation

• Earth's gravity

• the sun's gravity

Multiple Choice

What force causes Venus to travel along a curved path instead of moving in a straight line as indicated by the dashed line in the diagram?

• Electromagnetic attraction between the sun and Venus

• Gravitational attraction between the sun and Venus

• Electromagnetic attraction between Mercury and Venus

• Gravitational attraction between Mercury and Venus

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes a galaxy?

• A cloud of gas that is the birthplace of stars

• A system of billions of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity

• A ball of plasma that experiences nuclear fusion at its core

• A mass of dust and ice that orbits a star in an elliptical pattern

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes a star?

• A cloud of gas that is the birthplace of stars

• A system of billions of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity

• A ball of plasma that experiences nuclear fusion at its core

• A mass of dust and ice that orbits a star in an elliptical pattern

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes a nebula?

• A cloud of gas that is the birthplace of stars

• A system of billions of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity

• A ball of plasma that experiences nuclear fusion at its core

• A mass of dust and ice that orbits a star in an elliptical pattern

Multiple Choice

Which statement about stars is correct?

• Star formation begins in a nebula

• White dwarfs become main-sequence stars when they gain mass

• Supergiants are stars that can absorb black holes

• Main-sequence stars are formed by comets

Reorder

Reorder the following in order from SMALLEST to LARGEST

• Moons

• Planets

• Stars

• Nebulae

• Galaxies

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

The Milky Way galaxy is described as a disk of stars orbiting a central point on the disk.

Which of these best explains why people on Earth cannot see the entire shape of the Milky Way?

• Earth is a part of this galaxy

• Many more stars exist outside the galaxy

• The stars in the center of the galaxy are extremely small

• The center of the galaxy consists of a dense cluster of stars

HR Diagrams

8.8(A) ...use models such as the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram for classification

Multiple Choice

Which section of the diagram includes the coolest, brightest stars?

• Section 1

• Section 2

• Section 3

• Section 4

Multiple Choice

Based on the information in the picture, which star is most like our sun?

• Star 1

• Star 2

• Star 3

• Star 4

Multiple Choice

Which area of the diagram represents the white dwarfs?

• Area M

• Area X

• Area P

• Area Z

Multiple Choice

Which area of the diagram represents the supergiant stars?

• Area M

• Area X

• Area P

• Area Z

Multiple Choice

Which area of the diagram represents the giant stars?

• Area M

• Area X

• Area P

• Area Z

Multiple Choice

Which area of the diagram represents the main sequence stars?

• Area M

• Area X

• Area P

• Area Z

Multiple Choice

A star has a luminosity of 10^-2 and a temperature of 20,000 K is most likely a -

• Main sequence star

• White dwarf star

• Blue giant star

• Red giant star

Multiple Choice

A star that is several thousand times brighter than the sun with a temperature lower than 4,000 K would be classified as a -

• main-sequence star in spectral class B

• supergiant in spectral class K

• main-sequence star in spectral class K or M

• white dwarf in spectral class B

Multiple Choice

Based on this diagram, how do the characteristics of Star 1 and Star 2 compare?

• Star 1 is cooler and less bright than Star 2

• Star 1 is hotter and brighter than Star 2

• Star 1 is coolest and brighter than Star 2

• Star 1 is hotter and less bright than Star 2

Multiple Choice

Based on this diagram, which type of stars would belong to spectral class M and have the highest luminosity?

• Main-sequence stars

• Giants

• White dwarfs

• Supergiants

Our Sun

8.8(B) recognize that the Sun is a medium-sized star located in a spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy and that the Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star

Multiple Choice

Why does Earth get more energy from the sun than from all the other stars in the universe combined?

• The sun is larger

• The sun is hotter

• The sun is denser

• The sun is closer

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes the location of the sun in the Milky Way galaxy?

• The sun is located in the center of a spiral-shaped galaxy

• The sun is located off the center of an elliptical-shaped galaxy

• The sun is located on an arm of a spiral-shaped galaxy

• The sun is located on an arm of an elliptical-shaped galaxy

Multiple Choice

Which statement best explains why the sun appears brighter to people on Earth than any other star?

• Sunlight reaches Earth's atmosphere at an angle that causes the sun's light rays to intesify

• Unique chemical reactions in the sun's core produce a high-energy wavelength of light

• The sun burns at a higher temperature than any other star

• The sun is closer to Earth than any other star

Multiple Choice

A student learns that the sun is classified as a medium-size star and that many stars are much bigger and brighter. However, the student observes that other stars look very dim, even through a telescope.

Why do other stars look much dimmer than the sun?

• The sun appears yellow, which is more visible than other colors

• The sun is much closer to Earth than other stars are

• Other stars are made up of different gases than the sun is

• As light from other stars travels through space, it gets reflected

Multiple Choice

Why does the sun appear brighter than any other star when viewed from Earth?

• The sun is a different color

• The sun is older

• The sun is closer

• The sun is brighter

EM Spectrum

8.8(C) identify how different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum such as visible light and radio waves are used to gain information about components in the universe

Multiple Choice

Stars with the highest temperatures will emit most of their light at wavelengths that are near -

• blue light

• green light

• orange light

• red light

Multiple Choice

Earth's atmosphere blocks short wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Which telescopes must be placed in orbit around Earth in order to observe short-wavelength radiation?

• Gamma-ray telescopes

• Visible-light telescopes

• Infrared telescopes

• Radio telescopes

Multiple Choice

If they detected a signal of 1.41 x 10⁹, the investigators were most likely using a telescope that detects -

• microwaves

• visible light

• x-rays

• gamma rays

​Braindump!

Length of Day & Seasons

8.7(A) model and illustrate how the tilted Earth rotates on its axis, causing day and night, and revolves around the Sun causing changes in seasons

Multiple Choice

Which diagram shows the relative position of Earth's axis at the beginning of summer in Texas?

Multiple Choice

Which of these statement best compares the locations of Point A and Point B?

• Point A is experiencing day while point B is experiencing night

• Point A is experiencing night while point B is experiencing day

• Point A is experiencing summer while point B is experiencing winter

• Point A is experiencing winter while point B is experiencing summer

Multiple Choice

Which statement correctly explains which position of Earth represents summer in the United States?

• Position 1

  because the Western Hemisphere is facing the sun

• Position 2

  because the Northern Hemisphere tilts toward the sun

• Position 3

  because Earth is at its closest point to the sun in its orbit

• Position 4

  because Earth is traveling at its fastest rate in its orbit

Multiple Choice

Which answer choice best explains the change from daytime to nighttime on Earth?

• The sun stops sending light to Earth at night

• Earth moves farther away from the sun at night

• The tilt of Earth causes less light to reach Earth at night

• Earth rotates and causes different parts of Earth to experience night

Multiple Choice

Which of these changes would likely occur if the rate of Earth's rotation on its axis increased?

• The length of the seasons would be longer

• The length of the seasons would be shorter

• The length of a day would be shorter

• The length of a day would be longer

Multiple Choice

In which position is it winter in North America?

• Position 1

  because North America receives the most direct sun

• Position 2

  because North America is tilted toward the sun

• Position 3

  because North America is parallel to the sun

• Position 4

  because North America is tilted away from the sun

Multiple Choice

Which diagram shows the position of Earth when it is summer in South America?

Multiple Choice

Earth would not have seasons if it -

• no longer tilted on its axis

• stopped rotating on its axis

• took an additional month to orbit the sun

• revolved around the sun in the opposite direction

Lunar Phases

8.7(B) demonstrate and predict the sequence of events in the lunar cycle

Multiple Choice

Which diagram correctly models the sun, Earth, and the moon during the third quarter of the lunar cycle?

Multiple Choice

Which moon phase was most likely present on September 9th?

• Waning crescent

• Waning gibbous

• New moon

• First quarter moon

Multiple Choice

On which dates will they most likely be able to observe a new moon?

• May 13th

• May 18th

• May 25th

• May 31st

Multiple Choice

Which moon would you see in the sky ONE WEEK AFTER a new moon?

Reorder

You notice a full moon in the sky.

Which sequence of moon phases will the student observe next? (in order)

• Waning Gibbous

• Last Quarter

• Waning Crescent

• New Moon

• Waxing Crescent

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

Which picture shows how the moon appears from Earth when it is in the position shown in this model?

Multiple Choice

Which diagram shows the sun, Earth, and Moon arranged so that a new moon would be visible from Earth?

Tides

8.7(C) relate the positions of the Moon and Sun to their effect on ocean tides

Multiple Choice

Which model shows the positions of the sun, the moon, and Earth that have the greatest effect on ocean tides?

Multiple Choice

During which lunar phase is the tide the highest?

• Phase 1

• Phase 2

• Phase 3

• Phase 4

Weather

8.10(B) identify how global patterns of atmospheric movement influence local weather using weather maps that show high and low pressures and fronts
8.10(C) identify the role of the oceans in the formation of weather systems such as hurricanes

Plate Tectonics

8.9(A) describe the historical development of evidence that supports plate tectonic theory
8.9(B) relate plate tectonics to the formation of crustal features