FOOS: Force and Motion

Focus On Ohio Standards: Force and Motion

At a playground, a ball is set in motion. Bikes roll along the sidewalk. A child's muscles cause a swing to move. Gravity pulls a boy down a slide. All around, there is movement.

Motion Is Caused By Force

• Everything that moves is put in motion by a force applied to it.

• Force comes from the power of pushing or pulling

• There are different types of forces that affect motion

  • Contact Force: objects physically come into contact

    • Friction and Collision

  • Noncontact Force: objects do not physically come into contact.

    • Gravity and Magnetism

• Force: A push or a pull upon an object

Multiple Select

What are two types of noncontact forces?

• Gravity

• Friction

• Collision

• Magnetism

Multiple Select

What are two types of contact forces?

• Gravity

• Friction

• Collision

• Magnetism

​Changes in Motion

• Motion is the change in position of an object over time

  • All motion is caused by force.

    • If there is a force, it changes motion by:

      • speeding up

      • slowing down

      • changing direction

    • If no force, it will remain at rest.

​

​If an object is moving in a certain direction and a force is applied in that same direction, the speed will increase.

​If an object is moving in a certain direction and a force is applied in the opposite direction, the speed will decrease.

​If an object is moving in a certain direction and a force is applied in a different direction, the object will change directions.

​Changes in Motion

Match

Match the following

• Object and Force in same direction

• Object and Force in opposite direction

• Object and Force in different direction

Speed Increases

Speed decreases

Change directions

• Speed Increases

• Speed decreases

• Change directions

• Objects only move when something pushes or pulls them

First One:

• The harder an object is pushed or pulled, the faster it will go

Second One:

Third One:

Fourth One:

• The more massive an object is, the harder it is to move.

• The object is harder to stop as well.

​Laws and Forces of Motion

• Objects tend to keep moving until something stops them.

Other Types of Forces

Gravity

• The force that pulls things to Earth is gravity

  • It is invisible

• It is a pull that matter has on other matter.

  • The more massive the matter, the stronger gravity's pull will be.

  • Weight is a measure of the force of gravity.

​Matter: anything that has weight and takes up space.

Other Types of Forces

Magnetism

• Magnets are made from a raw material called magnetite.

• Magnets make a strong pull on metals

  • Iron and Steel

• They attract or repel each other with their own force.

Other Types of Forces

Friction

• Friction is caused by collisions of matter

  • Rubbing matter against other matter.

• It is a force that slows down the movement of objects.

  • This makes it hard to slide heavy objects along the ground.

• Resistance: water and air

  • Examples: Moving in a pool or a parachute as they fall to the ground.

• Can turn the energy of movement into heat.

  • Rubbing hands together will make your hands warm.

​Resistance: when something pushes against an object to slow it or stop it from moving.

Match

Match the following types of forces.

• Gravity

• Magnetism

• Friction

The force that pulls things to Earth

A pull on metals like Iron and Steel

Rubbing that slows down objects

• The force that pulls things to Earth

• A pull on metals like Iron and Steel

• Rubbing that slows down objects

• The size and shape of an object can change the amount of friction it creates when moving through air and water.

• Smooth and rounded are easier than flat or rough surfaces.

  • Less places for air or water to bump against.

Air and Water

• Smooth surfaces help reduce friction

  • Ice is an example

• Rough surfaces have more places to rub against

  • Sidewalks or carpet

• Smooth wheels help.

Solid Matter

Reducing Friction

​It is easier to move objects when friction is reduced

Multiple Choice

Without wheels, the entire surface of the box creates much ____ friction, making it harder to move.

• less

• more

• no

• special

• Objects in motion move at different rates, or speeds.

  • Fan blades moving vs glaciers moving

• It is a measurement of distance traveled over a period of time.

  • Any type of race

• Need to know:

  • Distance traveled

  • Time it takes to travel that distance

​Speed

Measuring Speed

• Speed does not always remain constant

  • Objects in motion can change speed and direction.

• When you came to school, you made lots of turns and changed speed due to speed limits.

• This change in speed and direction is acceleration.

Acceleration

​Constant: not changing; staying the same

Drag and Drop

The formula to measure is speed is: ​

Placeholder

= ​

Placeholder

÷​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Speed

Distance

Time

Force

Acceleration

Multiple Choice

In order to calculate the speed of an object, you need to know...

• how far the object traveled

• how long it took the object to travel the distance

• how far the object traveled and how long it took to travel the distance

Multiple Choice

Time is...

• how fast an object is moving

• how far the object has moved

• how long it took the object to travel the distance

Multiple Choice

Distance is...

• how fast an object is moving

• how far the object has moved

• how long it took the object to travel the distance

Multiple Choice

Speed is...

• how fast an object is moving

• how far the object has moved

• how long it took the object to travel the distance

Multiple Choice

A toy car rolled 20 meters in 2 minutes. What is the speed of the car?

• 1 m/s

• 10 m/s

• 40 m/s

• 100 m/s