23/24 Fall Q1 Benchmark Review: Bio

Fall 2023-2024 Q1 Benchmark Review

Content Covered on Benchmark

​Standard	​Content
​Bio 4.1.1	​Macromolecules
​Bio 4.1.3	​Enzymes
​Bio 1.1.1	​Eukaryotic Cells
​Bio 1.1.2	​Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
​Bio 1.1.3	​Cell Specialization
​Bio 1.2.1, 4.2.2	​Cell Transport
​Bio 1.2.2	​Cell Cycle
​Bio 1.2.3	​Unicellular Organisms
​Bio 4.2.1	​Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration

Bio 4.1.1 - Macromolecules

​LIPIDS Monomer: glycerol and fatty acids Function: long-term energy storage Examples: fat, oils, waxes, phospholipids	CARBOHYDRATES​ Monomer: simple sugars Function: short-term energy and structure Examples: glucose, starch, cellulose
​PROTEINS Monomer: amino acids Function: structure, transport, catalyst Examples: enzymes, hemoglobin, insulin	​NUCLEIC ACIDS Monomer: nucleotides Function: store genetic information and code proteins Examples: DNA and RNA

Multiple Choice

Proteins are made of monomers called ___________

• Nucleotides
• Monosaccharides
• Amino Acids
• Glycerol and fatty acids

Multiple Choice

DNA and RNA are examples of 

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Nucleotides are monomers of

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Waxes, oils and fats are examples of

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

What is the function of nucleic acids?

• store genetic information
• store energy (long-term)
• store energy (short-term)
• build skin, hair, nails, muscles

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?

• lipids
• proteins
• carbohydrates
• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• nucleic acids
• proteins

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is shown?

• lipid

• protein

• nucleic acid

• carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Is found in the cell membrane as a bilayer. 

• lipids
• protein
• nucleic acid
• carbohydrate

4.1.3 - Enzymes

Optimal Point: when enzymes work at their best (100% activity)

Denature: when enzyme loses structure so it loses function
- pH, temperature

Enzyme: protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction

Activation energy: amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are

• Lipids

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are responsible for-

• Speeding up reactions

• Giving the body energy

• Slowing down reactions

Multiple Choice

Which of these is most likely an enzyme?  

• Sucrose

• Galactose

• Fructose

• Amylase

Multiple Choice

Letter D...

• active site

• enzyme

• substrate

• products

Multiple Choice

Letter B...

• active site

• enzyme

• substrate

• products

Multiple Choice

Letter c...

• active site

• enzyme

• substrate

• products

Multiple Choice

An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell but can only be used once.  True or False? 

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

• The enzymes die.

• The shapes of the enzyme are altered denature

• The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.

• The enzymes remain the same

1.1.1 - Eukaryotic Cells

• Complex

• Membrane-bound organelles

  • Nucleus!!

• Animal and plant cells

1.1.2 - Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

1.2.3 - Unicellular Organisms

Multiple Choice

Only ____________ cells have a cell wall instead of a cell membrane.

• plant

• animal

• white blood

• living

Multiple Choice

Prokaryote are ______.

• bacteria

• fungi

• large in size

• complex cells

Multiple Choice

Eukaryote are ______

• bacteria

• large in size

• simple cells

• small in size

Multiple Choice

What is something that Prokaryotes and Eukaryote both have in common?

• small in size

• bacteria

• have DNA

• complex cells

Multiple Choice

Mitochondria is ______.

• Responsible for making energy (ATP) needed for the cell

• the site of cell respiration

• Found in animal and plant cells

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Cytoplasm is Inflexible barrier for support and structure and is found in _____ and _______.

• fruits and vegetables

• dogs and cats

• Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• inner and outer membrains

Multiple Choice

Plasma (Cell) Membrane is found in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes and ______.

• makes food for the cell

• gives sturcture to the cell

• controls what enters and exits the cell

• helps store material

Multiple Choice

Cilia are found in Prokaryotes and animal cells and have __________ used for locamotion.

• spear shaped tails

• trianlge shaped tails

• numerous hair-like projections that move back and forth

• gills

Multiple Choice

Flagella are found in Prokaryotes and animal cells and have a ________ shaped tail used for locamotion.

• whip like

• star

• heart

• triangle

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a cell structure used for locomotion by unicellular organisms?

• cell wall
• pseudopod
• flagellum
• cilium

Multiple Choice

Which best explains how a single-celled organism can survive without other cells?

• They do not need to perform more than one function to survive.
• They are able to perform all necessary functions within one cell.
• They do not need any substance from outside of the cell.

Multiple Choice

Logan is comparing the characteristics of different types of organisms. Which best describes a difference between insects and bacteria?

• Insects are made of one cell, while bacteria are made of many cells.
• Insects require energy to perform life functions while bacteria do not.
• Bacteria are made of one cell, while insects are made of many cells.
• Bacteria require energy to perform life functions while insects do not.

Multiple Choice

What do you call the part of amoeba that helps it move?

• Flagella

• Cilia

• Buds

• Pseudopods

Multiple Choice

Which among the uni- cellular organisms can perform photosynthesis

• Bacteria

• Fungi

• Euglena

• Amoeba

Multiple Choice

Which part of Euglena helps it to detect sunlight for photosynthesis?

• flagellum

• eyespot

• stigma

• nucleolus

Multiple Choice

Euglena make their food in the...

• Flagellum

• Chloroplast

• Cell Membrane

• Eye spot

1.2.1, 4.2.2 - Cell Transport

1.2.2 - Cell Cycle

Multiple Choice

What is replicated in S phase of Interphase?

• Cytoplasm

• Cell

• DNA

• Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Interphase is preparing the cell for...

• Cell division

• cell fragmentation

• cell deterioration

• cell proliferation

Multiple Choice

Which phase is demonstrated in the image?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Which phase is demonstrated in the image?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Which phase is demonstrated in the image?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

Which phase is demonstrated in the image?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the structure labeled X?

• Centriole
• Centrosome
• Chromatid
• Chromosome 

Multiple Choice

Before cells can divide, what must be copied?

• mitochondria
• cytoplasm
• DNA
• Cell Wall

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT occuring during interphase?

• Cell growth
• DNA being copied
• DNA condensing
• Two new cells are made

Multiple Choice

In which phase does the cell spend most of it's life?

• Interphase
• Nuclear Division
• Telophase
• Mitosis

Multiple Choice

Check the two correct boxes:

• Plant Cell - cell plate; Animal Cell - cleavage furrow

• Plant Cell - cleavage furrow; Animal Cell - cell plate

Multiple Choice

Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...

• 16 chromosomes.
• 46 chromosomes.
• 8 chromosomes.
• 4 chromosomes.

Multiple Choice

The organelle that helps in cell division and produces spindle fibers.

• Chromosome
• Centriole
• Cytoplasm
• Chloroplast

4.2.1 - Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration

​Aerobic = oxygen
Anaerobic = no oxygen

Multiple Choice

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

• make glucose
• make ATP
• make light
• release carbon dioxide

Multiple Choice

In which organelle (part of the cell) does photosynthesis take place?

• mitochondria
• chloroplast
• nucleus
• cell membrane

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

• CO₂ + light + H₂O --> O₂ + Sugar
• CO₂ + sugar + H₂O --> O₂ + light
• _O2 + light + H₂O --> CO₂ + Sugar
• CO₂ + O₂ + H₂O --> Light+ Sugar

Multiple Choice

What is the pigment in chloroplasts that performs photosynthesis?

• Chlorosynthesis
• Chlorophyll
• ADP
• Electron Transport

Multiple Choice

What are the products of photosynthesis?

• Carbon dioxide and water
• Carbon dioxide and oxygen
• Glucose and oxygen
• Glucose and water

Multiple Choice

Cellular Respiration's goal is to

• make water
• make ATP
• make glucose
• make  oxygen

Multiple Choice

Cellular respiration occurs in both plants and animals.

• true
• false

Multiple Choice

Which process absorbs energy? 

• Photosynthesis
• Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice

Which process releases energy? 

• cellular respiration 
• photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

Oxygen (O₂) is a reactant material of which process?

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a raw material in which process?  

• Photosynthesis
• Cellular Respiration

Multiple Choice

Which organelle is responsible for releasing energy in eukaryotic cells? 

• Lysosomes
• Mitochondria
• Golgi Bodies
• Vacuoles 

Multiple Choice

Which organelle allows plants to convert solar energy into chemical energy?

• Chloroplast
• Mitochondria
• Vesicle
• ER