Earthquakes Day 1

Why Earthquakes Occur

Engage and Explore - Day 1

What do you think about when you see this picture?

Objectives

At the end of the topic you should be able to...

• describe how crustal deformation by plate tectonics causes earthquakes

• model the crustal deformation of Earth that causes earthquakes

• explain the tools scientists use to study earthquakes

• describe the relevance of studying earthquakes

Open Ended

Vocab Challenge!

Science Cash up for grabs.

Type here, in the chat, or raise your hand.

Use all of these vocabulary words correctly in ONE sentence.

What would you do if you were in an earthquake?


Have you ever been in an earthquake before?

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​What would you do?

Draw

Think about what we've learned so far in this unit....

Why do earthquakes occur more often in some countries than in others?

Draw out an answer. If you want to type send me a chat.

Draw

Below is a picture of all the big Earthquakes from 1900 - 2017 based on the Richter scale of 6.0 and above. Circle the areas where the majority of earthquakes have occurred. Look at the legends to see the different magnitudes.

Open Ended

Look at the image.

What do you notice about the relationship between the earthquake's epicenters (where the earthquakes occur) and the location of the major plate boundaries?

Where do earthquakes occur?

Based on the image, you can see that the majority of earthquakes occur on the major plate boundaries. There are also many, smaller plate boundaries where the other earthquakes occur. 

​List and Map of Quakes

​https://earthquake.alaska.edu/earthquakes/recent_list

Labelling

Label the names of the 3 tectonic plate boundaries where earthquakes can occur. 

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Split

Slide

Convergent

Divergent

Slip

Transform

Subduction

Match

Match the following. Once you match, chat me which plate boundary ONLY has earthquake occur and nothing else.

Convergent Plate Boundary

Divergent Plate Boundary

Transform Plate Boundary

• Convergent Plate Boundary

• Divergent Plate Boundary

• Transform Plate Boundary

The majority of earthquakes occur when the tectonic plate's boundaries move quickly against each other (slide past, pull apart or come together).

 

The star is where the earthquake started (called focus), the circle are the seismic waves that are released. 

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HOW? Do earthquakes occur?

An earthquake begins at the focus where the ground ruptures.

The focus is located on the pre-existing fault

Focus

​The seismic waves travel outward in ALL directions from the focus

Waves

The point ON Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter of the earthquake.

Epicenter

​Where do the waves originate?

If you know where it is go and find your slinky from your science kit.

 

Think about this: 

 

Slinkies can help us learn about earthquakes!

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Slinky!

P-waves for short

Compressional

Move in a left to right motion

FIRST wave to occur after an earthquake

Primary Waves

​S-waves for short

SECOND fastest waves

Occur farther away from the fault

Move in an up and down motion

​​Secondary Waves

​Seismic Waves

Click on the link and then click on the earth to view the 2004 Sumatra Quake and Tsunami. 

 

Look at the different seismic waves that travel through the earth (P waves and S waves).

Which waves travel through the Mantle, Outer and Inner Core? Which waves only travel through the mantle? 

 

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Seimic Waves Activity

​https://ds.iris.edu/seismon/swaves/index.php

Labelling

Label each type of wave with where they travel inside the earth when an earthquake occurs.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Travel through the mantle, outer & inner

Only travel through the mantle.

here

Click on the link to start the BrainPop game to learn more about the 2 different seismic waves.  

Open Ended

Muddiest Point - What is something you are struggling with understanding from this new topic?