Friendship and Relationships

Friendship and Relationships

​Intro to Photovoice Topic

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Presentations

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Friendships and Relationships

• Middle Childhood: friendships, popularity, bullying

• Adolescence: peers, romantic relationships

• Emerging & Young Adulthood: marriage

Middle Childhood

Selman (1980) theorized 5 stages of friendship development:

• Stage 0 (3-6 yrs old): a friend is someone who you are playing with at this point in time

• Stage 1 (5-9 yrs old): a friend is someone who does nice things for you

• Stage 2 (7-12 yrs old):  a friend is someone returns a favor

• Stage 3 (8-15 yrs old): a friend is someone who you can tell them things you would tell no one else

• Stage 4 (12+ yrs old): a friend is someone who accepts you and that you accept as they are

Popularity in Middle Childhood

Sociometric assessment measures attraction between members of a group, such as a classroom of students. In sociometric research children are asked to mention the three children they like to play with the most, and those they do not like to play with. The number of times a child is nominated for each of the two categories (like, do not like) is tabulated. 

• Popular children receive many votes in the “like” category, and very few in the “do not like” category. 

• Rejected children receive more unfavorable votes, and few favorable ones. 

• Controversial children are mentioned frequently in each category, with several children liking them and several children placing them in the do not like category. 

• Neglected children are rarely mentioned in either category.

Bullying

Bullying: is defined as unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance.

Relational bullying: involves spreading rumors, purposefully excluding someone from a group, or embarrassing someone on purpose. 

Physical Bullying: involves hurting a person’s body or possessions.

Adolescence

• As children become adolescents, they usually begin spending more time with their peers and less time with their families.

• Adolescence is the developmental period during which romantic relationships typically first emerge.
  

Emerging Adulthood

• People are still often dating in Emerging and Young Adulthood, but often they have a goal of finding a lifelong partner

• Sternberg (1988) suggests that there are three main components of love: Passion, intimacy, and commitment. Love relationships vary depending on the presence or absence of each of these components. 

  • Passion refers to the intense, physical attraction partners feel toward one another. 

  • Intimacy involves the ability the share feelings, personal thoughts and psychological closeness with the other. 

  • Commitment is the conscious decision to stay together. 

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