SSCP1102 Electronics (Week 4)

Week 4: Electronics

Electronics is a fundamental part of our daily lives, and studying it helps us understand the inner workings of devices and systems we interact with regularly.

In other words,
Imagine a day, just a day without electricity, cellphones, laptops.

Some related courses

​COURSES	​SSCFH	SSCZH​
Electricity and Magnetism (SSCP1153)	​🔵	​🔵
Basic Electronics​ (SSCP2313)	​🔵	​🔵
Electromagnetism​ (SSCP3113)	​🔵	​🔵
Electronics and Instrumentation (SSCP4323)	​	​🔵
Advanced Electronics​ (SSCP3323)	​🔵	​
​Semiconductor Devices (SSCP4483)	​🔵 (Mat)	​
​Electronic Circuit Simulation (SSCP4143)	​🔵 (Inst)	​
​Electronic Testing and Maintenance (SSCP4363)	​🔵 (Inst)	​

Etymology
(the history of a word)

electronic (adj.)

1901, "pertaining (relating) to electrons"

electronics (n.)

1910, The science of how electrons behave (in vacuums, gas, semi-conductors, etc.)

Multiple Choice

The origin of terminology "Electronics" is related to

• Circuits

• Electrons

• Magnets

• Protons

Definition

Electronics

the branch of physics and technology concerned with the design of circuits using transistors and microchips, and with the behaviour and movement of electrons in a semiconductor, conductor, vacuum, or gas.

Multiple Choice

Electric current can flow in these materials, except

• Superconductor

• Semiconductor

• Conductor

• Insulator

Electron

a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.

Multiple Choice

Electron is an elementary particle

• True

• False

Electron

Time taken for electron with a certain energy per square charge can be different.

​e

​Electrons can have different energies.

​e

​e

(E₁/Q)

(E₂/Q)

(E/Q) is VOLTAGE (V)

Electrons can flow. The number of flowing electrons can be different.

(Q/t) is CURRENT (I)

(E.t/Q²) is RESISTANCE (R)

​One amp is defined as
6.28 x 10¹⁸ electrons per second.

More time = More resistance experienced

V = IR

Ohm's Law

Multiple Choice

Voltage is defined as

• Energy per unit time

• Time per unit charge

• Energy per unit charge

• Charge per unit time

Multiple Choice

Current is defined as

• Energy per unit time

• Charge per unit time

• Energy per unit charge

• Charge per unit energy

Multiple Choice

V = IR is also known as the

• Ampere's Law

• Ohm's Law

• Electrical Law

Resistors in series and parallel

In series,
R_Total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃

Multiple Choice

R_Total in the circuit is equal to

• $$\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_2}+\frac{1}{R_3}$$

• $$\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_2}$$

• $$\frac{1}{\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_2}}$$

• 0

Multiple Choice

When the switch is OFF, R_Total in the circuit is equal to

• $$\left(\frac{1}{R_2}+\frac{1}{R_3}\right)+R_1$$

• $$\frac{1}{\left(\frac{1}{R_2}+\frac{1}{R_3}\right)}+R_1$$

• R₁ + R₃

• 0

Multiple Choice

When the switch is ON, R_Total in the circuit is equal to

• R₁ + R₂ + R₃

• 
  $$\frac{1}{\frac{1}{R_2}+\frac{1}{R_3}}+R_1$$

• $$\left(\frac{1}{R_2}+\frac{1}{R_3}\right)+R_1$$

• $$\frac{1}{R_1}+\frac{1}{R_2}+\frac{1}{R_3}$$

Voltage divider rule

Kirchoff Voltage Divider Rule

R_TOTAL = R₁ + R₂

Multiple Choice

Given:

V_source = 30 V

R₁ = 5 kΩ

R₂ = 10 kΩ

Calculate voltage across R2

• 2. 10 V

• 20 V

• 30 V

• 0 V

Current divider rule

Kirchoff Current Divider Rule

Multiple Choice

Given:

I_Total = 10 mA

R₁ = 10 kΩ

R₂ = 20 kΩ

Calculate i2

• 2. 7.5 mA

• 2.5 mA

• 10 mA

• 0 mA

Electric Circuit Theorems

Thevenin

Norton

Léon Charles Thévenin

Edward Lawry Norton

Multiple Choice

Which one is TRUE about Thevenin Theorem?

• Thevenin equivalent circuit consists of a current source in series with R_TH

• Thevenin equivalent circuit consists of a voltage source in parallel with R_TH

• Thevenin equivalent circuit consists of a voltage source in series with R_TH

• Thevenin equivalent circuit consists of a current source in parallel with R_TH

Multiple Choice

Which one is TRUE about Norton Theorem?

• Norton resistance R_N is equal to Thevenin resistance R_TH

• Norton equivalent circuit consists of a voltage source in parallel with R_N

• Norton equivalent circuit consists of a voltage source in series with R_N

• Norton equivalent circuit consists of a current source in series with R_N

Transistors

1. A semiconductor device to control the flow of electrons (electrical current)

2. Comes in various types but two common types are:

   1. Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) - Current-controlled device.

   2. Field Effect Transistor (FET) - Voltage-controlled device.

3. Working principles

   1. BJTs regulate current flow between the collector and emitter terminals based on the current flowing into the base terminal.

   2. FETs regulate current flow between the source and drain terminals based on the voltage applied to the gate terminal.

Semiconductors

Semiconductors are characterised by their ability to conduct electrical current under certain conditions and to insulate against current flow under other conditions.

This property makes them fundamental to the operation of electronic devices and integrated circuits.

A type of material that has electrical conductivity properties that are intermediate between those of conductors (such as metals) and insulators (such as nonmetals).

Multiple Choice

These are true statements regarding semiconductors, except

• Semiconductors conduct electricity like conductors

• Semiconductors can be doped to make a positive or negative types of semiconductors

• Semiconductors can be tuned electrically, unlike conductors

• Semiconductors are widely used in fabricating electronic devices.

Multiple Choice

These are true statements regarding transistors, except

• Most common types of transistors are BJT and FET

• Transistors controls the flow of electric currents

• Transistors can be controlled by applying different voltage, current, and resistance on them

• Transistors are made up on n-type and p-type semiconductors

Summary

Thank you for your attention