Chapter 17

Chapter 17 Review

Multiple Choice

The field of medicine that diagnoses and treats disorders of the endocrine system is known as

• cardiology

• uriology

• virology

• endocrinology

Multiple Choice

Endocrine disorders solely result from hypersensitivities to particular hormones.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a function of the endocrine system?

• maintenance of homeostasis

• abilty to have long-distance intercellular communication, coordination, and control of cell behavior

• uses hormones for local or distant communication

• uses neurotransmitters for local communication

Multiple Choice

Which other body system besides the endocrine system works to maintain homeostasis by maintaing coordination and regulation of cells, tissues, organs, and systems?

• respiratory

• cardiovascualr

• digestive

• urinary

• nervous

Multiple Choice

The nervous system is primarly regulated by positive feedback loops, but the endocrine system is primary regulted by negative feedback loops.

• true

• false

Dropdown

Nervous system chemical messengers are ​

Select answer

that are released into the ​

Select answer

. Endocrine system chemical meeengers are ​

Select answer

that are released into ​

Select answer

and transported by the ​

Select answer

.

Multiple Select

Which of the following describe how the nervous system functions to maintain homeostasis?

• acts locally

• acts rapidly

• response ends quickly when signaling ends

• target cells may be close or distant

• response time varies

Multiple Select

Which of the following describe how the endocrine system functions to maintain homeostasis?

• acts locally

• acts rapidly

• response ends quickly when signaling ends

• target cells may be close or distant

• response time varies

Multiple Select

The endocrine system is made up of which of these below?

• organs

• glands

• cells

• tissues

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a endocrine gland?

• pituitary

• thyroid

• adrenal

• pineal

• thymus

Multiple Select

Which of the following are tissues with endocrine function?

• adipose

• bone

• blood

• simple squamous epithelium

Multiple Choice

Which of the folloing is NOT an organ with endocrine function

• heart

• lungs

• liver

• kidenys

• thymus

Match

Match the following types of hormones

• derived from 1 amino acid

• short chains of amino acids

• longer polypeptides

• proteins with carbohydrate attached

• cholesterol derivatives

amine

peptide

protein

glycoprotein

steriod

• amine

• peptide

• protein

• glycoprotein

• steriod

Match

Match the following hormone examples with it's type

• melatonin; T3; T4

• ADH; ANP

• growth hormone

• FSH

• testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, cortisol

amine

peptide

protein

glycoprotein

steriod

• amine

• peptide

• protein

• glycoprotein

• steriod

Reorder

Reorder the following hormone mecanisms of action

• reception

• transduction

• response

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Multiple Select

Hormones require receptors to initiate a cellular response. These proteins can be located where?

• inside cells

• embedded in cell membranes

• extracellular space

• blood

Multiple Select

After a hormone binds to a receptor, signaling events are triggered or cellular mechanisms lead to a desired response by target cells. Which of the following are examples of responses?

• protein synthesis

• cell growth

• secreation of products

• change in membrane permeability

Multiple Choice

Hormones can induce multiple responses in the same cell, and they can also induce different responses in different target cells.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT true regarding lipid-soluble hormones?

• nonpolar; poorly water-soluble; examples: steriod and thyroid hormones

• does not need transport proteins when carried in the bloodstream

• can pass easily through the cell membrane

• binds intracellular receptors

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT true regarding water-soluble hormones?

• all amino acid derived hormones are water soluble

• cannot pass through cell membrane

• receptors are intracellular receptors

• binding initiates signaling pathway that ends with cellular responses

Multiple Choice

Target cells can not change the number of receptors they have, but hormone concentration can be changed.

• true

• false

Drag and Drop

When target cells decrease their number of receptors in response to significant levels of a hormone it is known as ​

Placeholder

. When target cells increase their number of receptors when hormone levels are chronically reduced it is known as ​

Placeholder

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

downregulation

upregulation

Match

Match the following types of interactions between hormones

• presence of one hormone enables another hormone to act

• two hormones have opposing effects

• two hormones have similar effects and produce an amplified response

permissive

antagonistic

syne

• permissive

• antagonistic

• syne

Match

Match the following examples

• thyroid hormones and certain reproductive hormones

• insulin and glucagon

• FSH and estrogens to mature egg cells

permissive

antagonistic

synergistic

• permissive

• antagonistic

• synergistic

Multiple Choice

Negative feedback loops are the most common type used in the body to regulate hormones.

• true

• false

Dropdown

When adequate levels of a hormone are present, this leads to inhibition of futher production of a hormone. This is known as a ​

Select answer

feedback loop.

Dropdown

When additional hormones are released in response to the original hormone release, this is known as a ​

Select answer

feedback loop.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of positive feedback loops?

• hemostasis

• childbirth

• blood glucose regulation

• water level

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of negative feedback loops?

• hemostasis

• childbirth

• blood glucose regulation

• water level

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is considered the "command center" of the endocrine system?

• hypothalamus-pituitary complex

• pituitary gland

• hypothalamus

• hypophysis

Multiple Choice

The hypothalamus-pituitary complex is responsible for all of the following except?

• secretes hormones the direclty produce a response in target cells

• secretes hormones that regulate synthesis and release of hormones by other glands

• secretes digestive enzymes

• stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus

Multiple Choice

The hypophysis is suspended from the hypothalamus by the?

• infundibulum

• thalamus

• neurohypophysis

• adenohypophysis

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis?

• neurohypophysis

• adenohypophysis

• backohypophysis

• posthypophysis

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis?

• neurohypophysis

• adenohypophysis

• frontohypophysis

• antehypophysis

Multiple Choice

The neurophypophysis consists of what tissue type?

• neural

• glandular

Multiple Choice

The adenophypophysis consists of what tissue type?

• neural

• glandular

Multiple Choice

Which part of the pituitary gland does NOT produce hormones?

• neurohypophysis

• adenohypophysis

Multiple Choice

Which part of the pituitary gland does produce hormones?

• neurohypophysis

• adenohypophysis

Multiple Select

The hypothalamus produces which of the following hormones that are stored in the neurohypophysis?

• ADH

• oxytocin

• GH

• FSH

• LH

Multiple Choice

The adenohypophysis can produce hormones but secretion is regulated by hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which type of hormones stimulate secretion?

• releasing hormones

• inhibiting hormones

Multiple Choice

Which type of hormones inhibit secretion?

• releasing hormones

• inhibiting hormones

Multiple Select

Select any hormones that can be produced by the adenohypophysis

• LH

• FSH

• TSH

• calcitonin

• T3

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the "butterfly-shaped" gland in the neck?

• thyroid

• parathyroid

• adrenal

• pituitary

• pineal

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are two pairs of glands located in the posterior thyroid?

• thyroid

• parathyroid

• adrenal

• pituitary

• pineal

Multiple Choice

Which of the following hormones secreted from the pituitary regulated the thyroid?

• GH

• ACTH

• PTH

• LH

• TSH

Multiple Choice

Which cell type secretes thyroglobulin?

• follicular cells

• parafollicular cells

• cheif cells

• chromaffin cells

Multiple Choice

Which cell type secretes calcitonin?

• follicular cells

• parafollicular cells

• cheif cells

• chromaffin cells

Multiple Choice

Which cell type secretes PTH?

• follicular cells

• parafollicular cells

• cheif cells

• chromaffin cells

Multiple Choice

Thyroglobulin contains which of the following amino acids?

• threonine

• tyrosine

• tryptophan

• methionine

• glycine

Multiple Choice

Which cell type has multiple metabolic functions?

• follicular cells

• parafollicular cells

• cheif cells

• chromaffin cells

Multiple Choice

Which cell type is involved in calcium regulation through the stimulation of osteoblasts causing a decrease in blood calcium levels?

• follicular cells

• parafollicular cells

• cheif cells

• chromaffin cells

Multiple Choice

Which cell type is involved in calcium regulation through the stimulation of osteoclasts causing an increase in calcium absorption in the small intestine and reabsorption in kidney tubules?

• follicular cells

• parafollicular cells

• cheif cells

• chromaffin cells

Multiple Choice

Which of the following glands is located superior to the kidney and anchored by the renal fascia?

• adrenal

• pituitary

• thyroid

• parathyroid

• pineal

Hotspot

Which of the following is the adrenal medulla?

Hotspot

Which of the following is the adrenal cortex?

Hotspot

Which of the following is zona reticularis?

Hotspot

Which of the following is zona fasciculata?

Hotspot

Which of the following is zona glomerulosa?

Match

Match the following

• produces corticosteriods and consists of 3 regions

• produces mineralocorticoids

• produces glucocorticoids

• produces androgens

• neuroendocrine tissue composed of chromaffin cells

adrenal cortex

zona glomerulosa

zona fasciculata

zona reticularis

adrenal medulla

• adrenal cortex

• zona glomerulosa

• zona fasciculata

• zona reticularis

• adrenal medulla

Match

Match the following

• produces cholesterol derivatives

• releases epinephrine and norepinephrine

• aldosterone

• cortisol and cortisone (long-term stress response, breakdown of glycogen to glucose, inhibition of immune system)

• estrogen and testosterone

adrenal cortex

adrenal medulla

zona glomerulosa

zona fasciculata

zona reticularis

• adrenal cortex

• adrenal medulla

• zona glomerulosa

• zona fasciculata

• zona reticularis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following glands is located in the epithalamus?

• pituitary

• pineal

• thyroid

• parathyroid

• adrenal

Multiple Choice

Which cell type secretes melatonin?

• pinealocytes

• chromaffin cells

• melanocytes

• chieff cells

Multiple Choice

Melatonin concentrations rise and fall in a triurnal cycle.

• true

• false

Dropdown

Melatonin is ​

Select answer

during dark hours and ​

Select answer

during light hours.

Multiple Choice

The cycling of melatonin is to help maintain circadian rhythms.

• true

• false

Match

Match the following

• in pelvic cavity

• in scrotum

• temopory organ formed during pregnancy

ovaries

testes

placenta

• ovaries

• testes

• placenta

Match

Match the following hormones with their organs

• estrogen and progesterone

• testosterone, estradiol, and inhibin

• hCG

ovaries

testes

placenta

• ovaries

• testes

• placenta

Multiple Choice

Which of the following hormones aids in maintaining pregnancies and is most commonly used by pregnancy tests for detection?

• hCG

• LH

• FSH

• GH

Multiple Choice

Which of the following endocrine organs is located posterior and inferior to the stomach?

• pancreas

• small intestine

• adrenal glands

• kidneys

Multiple Choice

The pancreas is both endocrine and exocrine.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which of the following cells are exocrine cells that produce enzymes and other digestive chemicals?

• acinar cells

• alpha cells

• beta cells

• delta cells

• PP cells

Multiple Choice

Which of the following cells are endocrine cells that produce various hormones?

• acinar cells

• follicular cells

• islets of langerhans

• parafollicular cells

Match

Match the following islets cell types with what they produce

• produce glucagon

• produce indulin

• secrete somatostatin

• secrete pancreatic polypeptide

alpha cells

beta cells

delta cells

PP cells

• alpha cells

• beta cells

• delta cells

• PP cells

Multiple Choice

Insulin and glucagon are synergists.

• true

• false

Match

Match the following organs with secondary endocrine functions

• atrial natriuretic peptide

• brain natriuretic peptide; decreases sodium reabsorption to lower blood pressure

• secretin, gastrin, CCK, GIP, ghrelin, etc.

• EPO in response to low oxygen to stimulate RBC production

• FGF23 (involved in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism)

heart

brain

GI tract

kidneys

bones

• heart

• brain

• GI tract

• kidneys

• bones

Match

Match the following organs with secondary endocrine function

• leptin (satiety); adiponectin (insulin resistance)

• cholecalciferol (inactive precursor to active vitamin D)

• thymosin (involved in t-cell maturation)

• angiotensinogen & thrombopoietin

adipose

skin

thymus

liver

• adipose

• skin

• thymus

• liver