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Cell Structure & Function

Cell Structure & Function

Assessment

Presentation

Biology

9th Grade

Practice Problem

Easy

NGSS
MS-LS1-1, MS-LS1-2, HS-LS1-3

+1

Standards-aligned

Created by

Kelsey Logan

Used 12+ times

FREE Resource

44 Slides • 8 Questions

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Cell Structure & Function

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Cell Basics

  • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things

  • all living things are made up of cells

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Cell Theory

3 Parts of the Cell Theory:

  • All living things are made up of cells

  • Cells come from preexisting cells

  • Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization in living things

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2 types of cells:

Prokaryotic - unicellular

Eukaryotic - multicellular

Types of Cells

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  • Does not have membrane-bound organelles

  • Does not have a nucleus

  • Ring-shaped DNA

  • Simple organisms

    • Ex: Bacteria

Prokaryotic Cells

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  • Do contain membrane-bound organelles

  • Contains a nucleus

  • Linear DNA

  • More complex organisms

  • Animals, plants, algae, protists, fungi

Eukaryotic Cells

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Similarities

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

  • Contains DNA

  • Has a plasma membrane

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Multiple Select

What are the three parts of the cell theory? Click all that apply!

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All living things are made up of cells

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Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization

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Cells are the smallest living thing

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Cells come from pre existing cells

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Cell Size Limitations

Smaller cells function more efficiently!

  • Nutrients and waste must travel in and out of the cell

  • The larger the cell, the longer it takes

  • Smaller cells = quicker transport

    • more efficient

    • functions better

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Cellular Organelles

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A strong barrier that provides support and protects plant cells.

Cell Wall

Paired organelles that assist during cell division.

Centrioles

Site of photosynthesis in plants.

Chloroplast

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Projections from the cell's surface that help with movement and feeding.

Cilli

​Framework for the cell found in the cytoplasm.

Cytoskeleton

Highly folded membrane where protein production takes place.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Projection that helps with movement and feeding; usually singular or paired.

Flagella

Modifies and packages proteins to be distributed around the cell.

Golgi Apparatus

Vesicle that contains digestive enzymes that break down old cell material.

Lysosome

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Powerhouse of the cell! Creates energy for the rest of the cell to use.

Mitochondria

Control center of the cell. Contains the cell's DNA, which is used for protein production and cell division.

​​Nucleus

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Site of protein synthesis. Can be floating in the cytoplasm, or attached to the ER.

Ribosome

Vesicle that stores materials.

Vacuole

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A flexible boundary that controls what comes into and out of the cell.

Plasma Membrane

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Match

Match the following organelles to their function.

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes

The control center of the cell

The powerhouse of the cell

Folded membrane where proteins are made

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Contains enzymes that break down waste

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Match

Match the following organelles to their function

Vacuole

Ribosome

Cell Wall

Chloroplast

Cilia

Storage vesicle

Small structure-site protein synthesis

Strong barrier that supports plant cells

Site of photosynthesis

Small projections that help movement

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The Plasma Membrane

Thin, flexible boundary that controls what enters and exits the cell.

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Research where to find the organelles. Plant or Animal cells?

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Open Ended

What is homeostasis?

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The Plasma Membrane

  • Also called the cell membrane

  • Thin, flexible boundary between the inside of the cell and the outside environment

    • Lets nutrients and materials in

    • Lets wastes out

Cell

​Waste

Nutrients

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Ability to allow some substances to pass through, while keeping others out.

Selective Permeability

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Open Ended

Can you come up with an example of something that is selectively permeable?

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  • Made up of mainly phospholipids, with other molecules

  • Phospholipid Bilayer - two layers of phospholipids arranged tail to tail

    • heads = hydrophilic

    • tails = hydrophobic

Structure of Plasma Membrane

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  • Receptor Proteins - found on the outside of the membrane

    • receive signals

    • Peripheral Proteins

  • Transport Proteins - create tunnels and channels for substances to move across the membrane

    • Integral Proteins

Proteins

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Attach to proteins to receive chemical signals.

​​Carbohydrates

Found between the lipid tails to prevent them from sticking together. Keeps the membrane flexible!

Cholesterol

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Fluid Mosaic Model

  • Phospholipids create a "sea" that other molecules can float on

    • Lipids move side to side

    • Proteins and carbohydrates move with them

  • Mosaic - comes from the different components in the membrane

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Cellular Transport

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​Carbohydrate

Transport Protein

Receptor Protein

Phospholipid Bilayer

Cholesterol

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Cellular Transport

2 Types of Transport

  • Passive Transport - does not require energy

    • substances move from high to low concentration

  • Active Transport - requires energy

    • substances move from low to high concentration

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Transport Basics

  • Particles in solids, liquids, and gases are in constant motion

  • Concentration - amount of particles in a given space at a given time

  • Concentration gradient - unequal distribution of particles

    • high concentration fades to low concentration

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Draw

Circle where the concentration is the highest.

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Passive Transport

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Particles move from areas of high concentration to low concentration

  • ​move right through the membrane in cells

  • temperature, pH, and pressure influence rate

  • Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Simple Diffusion

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Diffusion will occur until there is equal concentration throughout.

Particles still move, just at equal rates

Dynamic Equilibrium

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Multiple Choice

What does facilitate mean?

1

To dissolve

2

To make easier

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To connect

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To block

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Facilitated Diffusion

  • Diffusion where transport proteins help move molecules across the membrane

    • High concentration --> Low concentration

  • Large molecules, like glucose, need help to diffuse across the membrane

  • Proteins create channels for molecules to use

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Draw

Draw an arrow to show which way the particles are going to move.

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Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water.

  • movement of water from areas of high to low concentration

  • REMEMBER solutions - solutes are particles, solvent is water

    • Water moves to where the solute concentration is higher (less water)

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  • High --> Low concentration

  • Water will move to an area where there is less water

  • This is SO important for our bodies!

Osmosis

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LOW solute concentration
HIGH water concentration

Water moves INTO the cell.
Expands like a hippo!

Hypotonic

Equal concentration of water and solute.

Water moves in and out equally.
Cell stays the same!

Isotonic

HIGH solute concentration
LOW water concentration

Water moves OUT of the cell.
Cell shrivels like a raisin!

Hypertonic

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Active Transport

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Active Transport

Transport that requires energy

  • Sometimes substances move against the concentration gradient

    • low concentration --> high concentration

  • Requires proteins or vesicles

  • Requires energy

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Pump that maintains the level of sodium and potassium inside and outside of the cell.

Uses energy to pump sodium out and potassium in.

Na+/K+ Pump

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Surrounds particle and bring it Inside the cell.

Uses portion of the cell membrane to create a vesicle.

​​Endocytosis

Surrounds particle inside the cell and moves it out through the cell membrane.

Vesicle fuses with the membrane.

Exocytosis

Cell Structure & Function

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