Nervous System Part 2

Central Nervous System

Divisions of the Brain

1.Brainstem
a.Medulla Oblongata

b.Pons

c.Midbrain

2.Cerebellum

3.Diencephalon
a.Hypothalamus

b.Thalamus

c.Pineal Gland

4.Cerebrum

Multiple Choice

What are the 4 Divisions of the Brain?

• Frontal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Medulla Oblongata
• Cortex, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pineal Gland, Medulla
• Cerebellum, Brainstem, Spinal Cord, Corpus Callosum, Thalamus
• Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem, Diencephalon,

Parts of the Brainstem

Multiple Choice

What are the three parts of the Brainstem?

• Medulla Oblongata, Frontal Lobe, Spinal cord

• Medulla Oblongata, Cerebellum, Cerebrum

• Medulla Oblongata, Pons, Midbrain

Multiple Choice

This part of the brainstem is responsible for regulating eye movements

• medulla oblongata

• Midbrain

• Pons

• Hypothamlus

Multiple Choice

This part of the brainstem is responsible for regulating breathing, heart rhythms, blood pressure, and swallowing

• medulla oblongata

• Midbrain

• Pons

• Hypothamlus

Multiple Choice

This part of the brainstem is responsible for coordinating facial movements, hearing, and balance

• medulla oblongata

• Midbrain

• Pons

• Hypothamlus

Cerebellum

2nd largest part of the brain
Functions

1.Movement and balance

2.Coordination of smooth
movements

3.Maintenance of equilibrium and
posture

Multiple Choice

Which is not a function of the cerebellum?

• movement and balance

• fight or flight responses

• Coordination of smooth movements

• Maintenance of equilibrium and posture

Diencephalon

Consists of

1.Hypothalamus

2.Thalamus

3.Pineal gland

Labelling

Move the correct label to the right part of the brain

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Cerebellum

Hypothalamus

Pineal Gland

Thalamus

Function of the parts of the Diencephalon

Match

Match the following parts of the diencephalon to their function

• Sensory relay station from various body areas

• regulation of body temperature, water balance, appetite

• body's internal clock. Manages melatonin levels

Thalamus

hypothalamus

pineal gland

• Thalamus

• hypothalamus

• pineal gland

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a component of the diencephalon?

• Midbrain

• Thalamus

• Hypothalamus

• Epithalamus

Multiple Choice

Which part of the diencephalon relays sensory impulses to the sensory cortex and helps with memory?

• Thalamus

• Hypothalamus

• Epithalamus

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a component of the brain stem?

• Midbrain

• Pons

• Medulla oblongata

• Thalamus

Cerebrum

• Structure
  Largest part of the brain
  Ridges are called gyri
  Grooves are called sulci
  Deepest sulci are called fissures
  Corpus callosum: bridges the right and left
  hemispheres of the brain and is made of white matter. Allows for the hemisphere to communicate

Multiple Choice

The ______________ is the largest part of the brain

• cerebrum

• cerebellum

• thalamus

• hypothalamus

Multiple Choice

The ridges in the brain are called..

• Corpus Callosum

• sulcus

• gyri

• fissures

Multiple Choice

The grooves in the brain are called..

• Corpus Callosum

• sulcus

• gyri

• fissures

Multiple Choice

The DEEP grooves in the brain are called..

• Corpus Callosum

• sulcus

• gyri

• fissures

Multiple Choice

This part of the brain coordinates movement and balance.

• Cerebrum

• Cerebellum

• Brain stem

• Spinal Cord

Multiple Choice

The function of the thalamus is ______.

• a balance center

• a thermostat

• a relay station to other brain parts

• to regulate sleep

Multiple Choice

This structure allows the left and right hemisphere of the brain to communicate.

• thalamus

• cerebral cortex

• hypothalamus

• corpus callosum

Multiple Choice

If you were having trouble balancing, what part of your brain might be affected?

• Occipital Lobe

• Brain Stem

• Cerebellum

• Frontal Lobe

Lobes of the Cerebrum

1.Frontal lobe
a.Reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language

2.Parietal lobe
a.Processing body senses like touch and pain

3.Temporal lobe
a.Hearing, memory, emotion, and some
aspects of language

4.Occipital lobe
a.vision

Central Sulcus: separates the frontal cortex
from the parietal lobe

Other key area of the cerebrum

• Cerebral Cortex: gray layer of dendrites and cell bodies, forms the
  surface of the cerebrum

• White matter: with bundles of nerve fibers make up the interior of the
  brain. Except a few islands of gray matter

• Basal nuclei or basal ganglia: the islands of white matter in the brain
  whose function is to produce automatic movements and posture

Multiple Choice

Name the lobe labeled 'D'

• Frontal

• Parietal

• Temporal

• Occipital

Multiple Choice

When you go to reach for a pencil and you miss the mark, you may have an impaired...

• Parietal Lobe
• Cerebellum
• Frontal Lobe
• Temporal Lobe

Multiple Choice

Responsible for organization, problem solving, personality...

• Frontal

• Parietal

• Temporal

• Occipital

Multiple Choice

Which lobe of the brain is located on the sides by your ears?

• Temporal
• Frontal
• Occipital
• Parietal

Multiple Choice

Which lobe of the brain primarily processes auditory information?

• Frontal

• Temporal

• Parietal

• Occipital

Multiple Choice

Which lobe of the brain is the main decision maker of the brain and controls voluntary movement?

• Frontal

• Temporal

• Parietal

• Occipital

Multiple Choice

Which lobe of the brain processes somatosensory information such as touch, pain, temperature, and limb location?

• Frontal

• Temporal

• Parietal

• Occipital

Multiple Choice

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for visual information?

• Frontal

• Temporal

• Parietal

• Occipital

Multiple Choice

• Frontal Lobe
• Parietal Lobe
• Temporal Lobe
• Occipital Lobe

Multiple Choice

• Frontal Lobe
• Parietal Lobe
• Occipital Lobe
• Temporal Lobe

Multiple Choice

• Frontal Lobe
• Parietal Lobe
• Temporal Lobe
• Occipital Lobe

Multiple Choice

Which part of the brain connects to the spinal cord?

• Brain Stem

• Cerebrum

• Cerebellum

• Occipital Lobe

Multiple Choice

Controls breathing

• Spinal Cord

• Medulla Oblongata

• Pons

• Midbrain

Multiple Choice

Controls eyeball movement and pupil size

• Spinal Cord

• Medulla Oblongata

• Pons

• Midbrain

Spinal Cord

Spinal cord

If average height. Spinal cord is
about 17 to 18 inches long.

Provides two-way conduction

1.Ascending tracts: carry impulses
up the spinal cord to the brain

2.Descending tracts: carry
impulses from the brain down
the spinal cord

Multiple Choice

Carries nerve impulses up the spinal cord to the brain

• Ascending tracts

• Descending Tracts

Multiple Choice

Carries nerve impulses from the brain to the spinal cord

• Ascending tracts

• Descending Tracts

Cross section of spinal
cord

H-shaped core: made of gray
matter
Columns of white matter form the
outer layer
Spinal tracts: myelinated nerve
fibers make up the white columns

Multiple Select

From a cross section of the spinal cord: the H-shaped section is made out of what? (pick 2)

• gray matter

• white matter

• unmyelinated cell bodies

• myelinated axons

Multiple Choice

From a cross section of the spinal cord: the outer layer of the spinal cord is made out of...

• gray matter

• white matter

• ganglia

• silly putty

Function of the spinal cord

Has thousands and thousands of reflex arcs
Spinal cord reflexes

•when a reflex arc lies in the spinal cord

•Jerk reflexes

Spinal cord carries impulses from the nerves to the brain and vice versa

•Sensory impulses go towards the brain

•Motor impulses come from the brain

Multiple Choice

Sensory impulses travel

• towards the spinal cord and brain

• away from the spinal cord and brain

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

Motor impulses travel

• towards the spinal cord and brain

• away from the spinal cord and brain

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

The doctor taps your knee to check your reflexes. It jerks. This is an example of

• muscle spasm

• brain reflex

• Spinal reflex

• autonomic response

Coverings and fluid spaces

Meninges: meninges are fluid-cushioned
membranes that protect the brain and
spinal cord

Parts of spinal meninges

1.Dura mater: tough outer layer that lines the vertebral canal

2.Pia mater: innermost membrane that covers the spinal cord

3.Arachnoid mater: in between the dura and pia mater

Cerebrospinal fluid spaces

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): fills the space between pia mater and arachnoid mater
CSF in the brain: filled in spaces called ventricles

Multiple Choice

Fluid cushioned layers that protect the brain and spinal cord are called

• bursae

• collagen

• meninges

• meringues

Reorder

Put the following layers protective coverings of the spine in order starting from the innermost layer

• Pia matter

• Cerebroespinal Fluid

• Arachnoid matter

• dura matter

1

2

3

4

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Peripheral Nervous System

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

System includes..

1.Cranial nerves

2.Spinal nerves

These nerves connect the brain and spinal cord to peripheral structures like the skin surface and skeletal muscle

Cranial nerves

12 pairs of cranial nerves are
attached to the undersurface of the
brain.

They attach to the brainsterm, and diencephalon

Conduct impulses between the brain and structures in the head and neck and in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Open Ended

Why are cranial nerves called cranial nerves?

Multiple Choice

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

• 8

• 10

• 12

• 14

List of cranial nerves

Naming Cranial nerves

• Example: the olfactory nerve,

which controls smell, is CN I

• CN = cranial nerve

Multiple Choice

Trochlear Nerve

• II
• IV
• V
• VIII

Multiple Choice

Allows you to swallow your food

• Trigeminal
• Facial
• Glossopharyngeal
• Hypoglossal

Multiple Choice

Balance

• Optic
• Trigeminal
• Vestibulocochlear
• Vagus

Multiple Choice

Shrugs the shoulders

• Accessory
• Vestibulocochlear
• Abducens
• Trigeminal

Multiple Choice

A loss of hearing could be associated with which cranial nerve?

• Olfactory
• Trigeminal
• Vestibulocochlear
• Accessory

Multiple Choice

Bell's Palsy causing weakness or paralysis of facial muscles would be associated with which cranial nerve?

• Trigeminal
• Facial
• Olfactory
• Vagus

Multiple Choice

Moves the tongue

• Trigeminal
• Facial
• Hypoglossal
• Accessory

Multiple Choice

Sight

• I
• II
• III
• IV

Multiple Choice

Which of the following cranial nerve controls the movement of the eyeball, the opening of the eyelid, pupillary dilation, and lens accommodation?

• Optic

• Oculomotor

• Vagus

• Trigeminal

Multiple Choice

sense of smell

• olfactory

• optic

• oculomotor

• trigimenal;

Multiple Choice

Facial sensation

Tongue sensation

Open/close jaw

• Trochlear

• Facial

• Vagus

• Trigeminal

Multiple Choice

• Abducens

• Accessory

• Facial

• Trochlear

Multiple Choice

• Hypoglossal

• Accessory

• Abducens

• Vagus

Multiple Choice

Which Cranial Nerve is called the Oculomotor Nerve?

• III

• IV

• V

• VI

Multiple Choice

Which Cranial Nerve is called the Abducens Nerve?

• III

• IV

• V

• VI

Multiple Choice

Which Cranial Nerve is called the Trigeminal Nerve?

• III

• IV

• V

• VI

Multiple Choice

Which Cranial Nerve is called the Vestibulocochlear Nerve?

• VII

• VIII

• IX

• X

Multiple Choice

Which Cranial Nerve is called the Glossopharyngeal Nerve?

• VII

• VIII

• IX

• X

Spinal Nerves

31 pairs of nerves are attached in the following order

•8 pairs are attached to the cervical segments of the vertebrae (cervical = neck)

•12 pairs are attached to the thoracic segment

•5 pairs attached to the lumbar segments

•5 pairs attached to the sacral segments

•1 pair attached to the coccygeal segment

Spinal nerves and location

The picture to
the right shows
where spinal
nerve pathways
flow to.
For example, C5
and T1 are the
routes for
nerves leading
to the arms

Naming spinal nerves

No other names unlike the cranial nerves
C1-C8 Cranial nerves
T1-T12 Thoracic nerves
L1-L5 Lumbar nerves
S1-S5 Sacral nerves
CX- coccygeal nervde

Multiple Choice

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

• 24

• 31

• 40

• 18

Reorder

Staring from the brain: Put the spinal nerves in the correct order

• Cranial

• Thoracic

• Lumbar

• Sacral

• coccygeal

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

CX is which spinal nerve?

• Cranial nerve 10

• coccygeal nerve

• Cranial Nerve 1

• The altas

Multiple Choice

[Hint: use slide 55]. If there was damage to the L3 nerve, what part of the body would be affected

• thighs

• hand

• neck

• abdominal region

Multiple Choice

If there is damage to C8, what part of the body would most likely be affected

• toes

• knees

• stomach

• Pinky and ring finger

Autonomic Nervous system

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

ANS consists of certain motor neurons that conduct impulses from the
brain or spinal cord to these specific tissues

1.Cardiac muscle

2.Smooth muscle

3.Glandular epithelial tissue

NOTE: these are involuntary contractions
ANS has two pathways

1.Sympathetic division

2.Parasympathetic division

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic
Divisions

Sympathetic responses are
known as “flight of fight”
These function as the bodies emergency system

Parasympathetic responses
control involuntary organs
under normal circumstances

Multiple Choice

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems comprise the...

• Central Nervous System

• Peripheral Nervous System

• Autonomic Nervous System

Multiple Choice

Which system would be active if you were lounging with your family after Thanksgiving dinner?

• Sympathetic

• Parasympathetic

Multiple Choice

Which system would be active if you were being chased by a bear?

• Sympathetic

• Parasympathetic

Draw

Draw a picture of the nervous system. Make the CNS one color and the PNS another. Do not cut and paste