8th- Force that Shape Earth Vocab. Intro.

​Forces that Shape Earth (FSE)
Active vocabulary

​1. Please grab thirty notecards
2. Write the word on the front
3. Write the definition on the back
4. Tape in your notebook on the next available page in the staircase format.
5. Title the top of the page Forces that Shape Earth Vocabulary
PS. if you don't have notecards, take a piece of paper and fold it into squares, unfold the paper and cut out the squares= NOTECARDS!

Multiple Choice

where do I tape in my notecards?

• on the next available page in the stair case format with the title of the unit at the top of the paper!!!!!

• on the next available page

• in the back of my notebook

• on a piece of paper and hand it in to Mrs. Bailey

​​1. Stress- force that acts on a rock to changes its shape or volume. It adds potential to the rock until it breaks or changes shape.
2. Tension- pulls on the crust, stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle.
3. Compression- squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
4. Shearing- pushes a mass or rock in two opposite directions
5. Strain- a change in the shape of the rock caused by stress
6. Elastic strain- change in rock that is NOT permanent, when stress is removed the rock goes back to its normal shape
7. Plastic strain- creates a permanent change in the shape of the rock
8. mountain ranges- a collision between two continental plates
9. Ocean trenches- one plates goes under another during collision forming a deep trench
10. Volcanic Arc- curved line of volcanoes that forms parallel to plate boundaries
11. Mid- Ocean Ridges- tension causes ocenainc crust to spread allowing hot rock from the mantle to rise.

​12. Continental Rifts- when divergent boundaries occur within a continent, causing big splits in the crust.
13. Transforms Faults- when plates slide horizontally past each other they form a break in the crust.
14. Fault zones- an area of many fractured pieces of crust along a large fault.
15. Earthquake- vibrations in the ground that result from movement along faults
16. Normal fault- when forces pull rocks apart along a divergent plate boundary
17. strike- slip fault- two blocks of rock slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions
18. Reverse Fault- force pushes two blocks of rocks together with the rock above moving up
19. Focus- the point beneath the Earth's surface where rock under stress breaks causing an earthquake.
20. Epicenter- point on the surface directly above the focus

​21. Seismic waves- waves that carry energy of an earthquake away from the focus point.
22. Seismometers- devices that measure and record ground motion
23. Volcano- weak spot in the Earth's crust where molten magma comes to the surface.
24. Magma- molten mixture of rock forming substances, gases and water from the mantle
25. Lava- when molten material from inside the Earth comes to the surface
26. Dormant Volcano- not active, but may become active
27. Extinct Volcano- unlikely to erupt again
28. Hot spring- formed when ground water is heated by a nearby body of magma
29. Geyser- fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground when pressure is released
30. Geothermal energy- water heated by magma that can provide energy.