Rock Cycle

Rocks

Types of Rocks

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A rock is a naturally occuring solid mixture
of minerals or grains.

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Rocks are divided into three major
categories: igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic.

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The category that a rock belongs to tells us
how that rock was made.

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Complete the chart in your notebook!

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Type of Rock

Word Meanings

Formation of Rock

Extrusive Igneous

Intrusive Igneous

Sedimentary

Metamorphic

Ignite = Fire
In = Inside

Ignite = Fire
Ex = Outside

Sediment= small rocks

Metamorph= to change

EXTRUSIVE

Igneous
Rocks

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How they Form: cooling and hardening
(crystallization) of lava ON Earth’s surface.

Lava = molten rock that reaches Earth’s surface

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Characteristics: cool faster, less time for
crystals to form (small crystals)

◦Texture is glassy or fine-grained

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INTRUSIVE

Igneous
Rocks

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How they Form: cooling and hardening of
magma UNDER or INSIDE Earth’s surface.

Magma = molten rock that is inside
Earth

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Characteristics: cool slower, more time for
crystals to form (large crystals)

◦Texture is coarse-grained

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Multiple Choice

If this magma cools and solidifies underground, it will become

• intrusive igneous

• extrusive igneous

• sedimentary

• metamorphic

Multiple Choice

If it remains underground, the magma will

• cool quickly

• cool slowly

Multiple Choice

• magma - will create extrusive rocks

• lava - will create extrusive rocks

• magma, will create intrusive rocks

• lava, will create intrusive rocks

Multiple Choice

this lava will cool ______on the surface

• slowly

• quickly

Metamorphic

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How they Form: extreme heat and
pressure change pre-existing rock deep
within Earth.

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Characteristics:

◦foliated (flat mineral shapes line up,
giving a banded/layered appearance)

◦non-foliated (no bands; grains have
random, interlocking texture)

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Multiple Choice

slow cooling underground results in ____

• large mineral grains

• small mineral grains

• glassy texture

• gas pockest

Sedimentary

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How they Form: compaction and
cementation of sediments (little particles of
pre-existing rock)

◦Compaction - squeezes sediments

◦Cementation - sediment is glued
together by dissolved minerals.

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Characteristics: layers, rounded rock
fragments “cemented” together,
interlocking crystalline texture

◦fossils may be present

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Multiple Choice

A model showing the processes that create and change rock.

• Water Cycle

• Carbon Cycle

• Rock Cycle

• Nitrogen Cycle

Multiple Choice

sedimentary

• magma cools and hardens

• grains of sediment are compacted and cemented togther

• intense heat and pressure form this rock in the Erath's interior

Multiple Choice

cementation

• process which wind , water, ice and heat BREAK DOWN rock into sediment

• process which wind, water, ice and heat TRANSPORT soil and sediment from one location to another

• process in which rock and sediment is laid down

• process that glues compacted sediment to form sedimentary rock

Multiple Choice

A metamorphic rock can become ______.

• igneous
• metamorphic
• sedimentary
• all of these

Multiple Choice

weathering

• process which wind , water, ice and heat BREAK DOWN rock into sediment

• process which wind, water, ice and heat TRANSPORT soil and sediment from one location to another

• process in which rock and sediment is laid down

• process that glues compacted sediment to form sedimentary rock

Multiple Choice

igneous

• magma cools and hardens

• grains of sediment are compacted and cemented togther

• intense heat and pressure form this rock in the Erath's interior

Multiple Choice

The name rock is given when it is broken down into smaller pieces.

• texture
• weathering
• sediment
• erosion

Multiple Choice

Magma that reaches the surface flows from a volcano as ____________

• Magma

• Water

• Ice

• Lava

Multiple Choice

What does it mean for a rock to be extrusive

• Have layers
• Have Rounded Edges
• Form from Lava
• Form By Sediment

Multiple Choice

metamorphic

• magma cools and hardens

• grains of sediment are compacted and cemented togther

• intense heat and pressure form this rock in the Erath's interior

Multiple Choice

What two processes make sediment?

• Weathering
• Erosion
• Weathering & Erosion

Multiple Choice

Magma cooling at or near Earth’s surface forms small-grained __________ igneous rock.

• Extrusive

• Intrusive

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

Rocks can be uplifted to Earth's surface at Convergent Boundaries by mountain formation or volcanic eruptions.

Rocks can be subducted back into Earth at Convergent Boundaries that form trenches.

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Rock Cycle & Plate Boundary Movement

Multiple Choice

What type of rock might you find near an ocean trench that forms at a convergent boundary with subduction?

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• All types of rocks

Multiple Choice

What type of rock would you find at a convergent boundary where rock formed deep inside Earth is uplifted?

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• All Rock types

Multiple Choice

What type of rock forms at convergent boundary with subduction resulting in volcanic eruptions?

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

• All rock types