Metals & Nonmetals and their bonds

Metals & Nonmetals and their bonds

• The majority of elements are metals

  • They're red on this image

• Found on the left side of the P Table

• Common characteristics: lustrous (shiny), solid, conductors, malleable, ductile

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Metals

• Some elements are nonmetals

  • They're blue on this image

• Found on the right side of the P Table

• Common characteristics: dull, brittle, insulators

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Nonmetals

• A few elements have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals, so they cannot be classified as either kind

• They are called metalloids

  • They are yellow on this image

  • Their location kind of looks like a zig zag line or a staircase

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Metalloids

Consider the characteristics of each element in the chart. Are they a combination of properties of metals and nonmetals? If so, it must be a metalloid.

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Which element on this chart must be a metalloid?

Multiple Choice

Which element must be a metalloid based on its characteristics?

• Titanium

• Selenium

• Potassium

• Polonium

Multiple Select

Select all that apply: which of the following are characteristics of metals?

• malleable and ductile

• brittle

• good conductor

• poor conductor (insulator)

• high luster (lustrous)

Multiple Select

Select all that apply: which of the following are characteristics of nonmetals?

• mostly brittle solids or gasses

• malleable and ductile

• poor conductors (insulators)

• dull (no luster)

Multiple Choice

A substance that may have properties of both metals and nonmetals is called a --

• Metal

• Nonmetal

• Metalloid

Multiple Choice

This material has high luster, is malleable, ductile, and conducts heat and electricity very well. What should this be classified as?

• Metal

• Nonmetal

• Metalloid

Multiple Choice

This material has low luster, is malleable, is NOT ductile, and is semi-conductive.

• Metal

• Nonmetal

• Metalloid

Multiple Choice

The Group is -

• the row -->

• the column |

Multiple Choice

The Period is -

• the row -->

• the column |

Multiple Choice

With the exception of Hydrogen, everything on the left <-- side of the zig-zag (river) line is a -

• metal

• nonmetal

• metalloid

Multiple Choice

With the exception of Hydrogen, everything on the right --> side of the zig-zag (river) line is a -

• metal

• nonmetal

• metalloid

Multiple Choice

The zig-zag (river) line represents the -

• metals

• nonmetals

• metalloids

• Atoms form bonds with other atoms to become more stable.

• Because of the Octet Rule, they like to have full outer shells

• They will either share or transfer their valence electrons to do so.

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Bonding

• occur between two or more nonmetals

• share electrons

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Covalent Bonds

• occur between a metal and a nonmetal

• one atom transfers its unwanted valence electrons to the other atom

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Ionic Bonds

Multiple Choice

Covalent bonds form between ---

• nonmetals.

• metals and metals

• metals and nonmetals

Multiple Choice

Ionic bonds form between ---

• nonmetals.

• metals and nonmetals.

Multiple Choice

What are valence electrons?

• sum of the protons and neutrons

• protons minus electrons

• electrons in the inner shells

• electrons in the outer shell

Multiple Choice

Atoms form compounds to become more ---

• reactive

• stable

• explosive

• toxic

Multiple Choice

Atoms gain lose, gain, or ______electrons to get a stable outer energy level.

• share

• split

• create

• destroy

Multiple Choice

A _______ is the force that holds atoms together in a compound.

• Chemical Formula

• Chemical Reaction

• Chemical Bond

• Synthesis Reaction

Multiple Choice

An atom of Neon complies with the Octet Rule because it has ___ electrons in its outer shell.

• 10

• 8

• 2

• 7

• The name for an atom that has gained or lost an electron

• In this image...

  • Na has lost an electron, so it is an ion.

  • Cl has gained an electron, so it is also an ion.

Ions

• Remember that electrons have a negative charge and protons have a positive charge.

• Na has lost an electron.

  • It has more protons than electrons.

  • It now has a positive charge.

• Cl has gained an electron.

  • It has more electrons than protons.

  • It now has a negative charge.

Ionic Charges

Multiple Choice

An electron has a ___ charge.

• no charge

• positive

• negative

• it depends

Multiple Choice

According to the Octet Rule, atoms of elements react with each other in order to attain ____ electrons in their outermost energy level or shell.

• 2

• 4

• 8

• 10

Multiple Choice

A proton has a ___ charge.

• positive

• negative

• no charge

• it depends

Multiple Choice

An atom with a different number of electrons than it should have (more or less) is called an ---

• isotope

• valence electron

• ion

• octet

Multiple Choice

If an atom has 7 protons and 7 electrons, its electric charge is ---

• -7

• -14

• 0

• +7

Multiple Choice

Atoms that gain an electron have an electric charge of ---

• -1.

• -2.

• +1.

• +2.