VFI Unit 2 Mental and Physical Development

Vocabulary for IELTS - Lesson 2 -Mental and physical development

by Ngọc Nguyễn

The body​

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​crawl (v)

​/krɔːl/

​to move forward on your hands and knees or with your body close to the ground

​tie a shoelace

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​toddler (n)

​/ˈtɑːdlər/

a child who has only recently learnt to walk​

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Open Ended

1.1 How old were you when you first learned to 

A crawl

B walk

C talk

D ride a bike

E read

F tie a shoelace

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Open Ended

1.3 Listen to the talk again and find words that mean the same as the following.

1. learned (a skill)

2. copying people

3. without help

4. in a natural, unforced way

5. developed a skill to a high level

6. phase

​​1.3 Listen to the talk again and find words that mean the same as the following.

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1. learned (a skill): acquired

2. copying people: imitating

3. without help: unassisted / without support

4. in a natural, unforced way: spontaneously

5. developed a skill to a high level: mastered

6. phase: stage , period

Open Ended

1.4 WORD BUILDING Complete the table

​1.4 WORD BUILDING Complete the table

develop - development - developed / developing / overdeveloped

​grow - growth - fully-grown / full-grown / overgrown

​mature / reach maturity - maturity - mature / immature

​full-grown (adj)

​/ˌfʊl ˈɡrəʊn/ (adj): (of people, animals or plants) having reached the greatest size to which they can grow and stopped growing

​overgrown (adj)

​/ˌoʊ.vɚˈɡroʊn/

​used to describe an adult who behaves like a child

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Open Ended

2.2 What stage would you associate the following words and phrases with? Write the words in the correct column below.

crawling, irresponsible, overindulgent, patient, throw a tantrum, unsteady

immature, nurturing, overprotective, rebellious, tolerant

CHILDHOOD

Open Ended

2.2 What stage would you associate the following words and phrases with? Write the words in the correct column below.

crawling, irresponsible, overindulgent, patient, throw a tantrum, unsteady

immature, nurturing, overprotective, rebellious, tolerant

PARENTHOOD

​overindulgent (adj)

​/ˌoʊ.vɚ.ɪnˈdʌl.dʒənt/

​​allowing someone to have more of something enjoyable than is good for them

​throw a tantrum (v.p)

​to experience and show a strong feeling of anger, especially suddenly

​rebellious (adj)

​/rɪˈbel.i.əs/

​​difficult to control and do not behave in the way that is expected

​tolerant (adj)

​/ˈtɑː.lɚ.ənt/

​willing to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them

​2.2 Answer key

​Childhood: crawling, immature, irresponsible, rebellious, throw a tantrum, unsteady.

​Parenthood: nurturing, overindulgent, overprotective, patient, tolerant.

​Vocabulary note

​The prefix im- is often in front of adjectives beginning with b, m or p to form the opposite or to show that something is lacking: immature, impossible

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Similarly, ir- often comes in front of words beginning with r, il- often comes in front of words beginning with I and in- in front

of other words: irresponsible, illegal, insensitive.

However, there are exceptions: unbelievable, displeased, unlikely, unpopular etc. The prefix over- can also be negative, meaning too much: overdeveloped, overdue, overcrowded, oversensitive.

​Error Warning

​Grow can be used with plants:

We could grow flowers and trees here.

Or with things:

The business is growing rapidly.

But grow up can only be used with people or cities:

The city grew up from a small group of houses near the river.

Grow up is intransitive, which means you can't use it with an object.

NOT The government grew up the city.

​2.3 Many words used to talk about human growth can also be used to talk about data and statistics. Complete the sentences with a suitable word from the text in 2.1. You may need to change the form of the words.

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​The mind

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​4.1 Think about your answers to these questions.

​1 What do you remember about your early childhood?

2 Do you think you have a good memory or a poor memory?

Open Ended

4.2 Now listen to a student answering the

questions in 4.1 and make a note of all of the words and phrases connected with memory.

​4.2 Answer key

​memory, reminisce, look back, remind, memorise, forget, reminder.

​Error Warning

​Remember = to have a memory in your mind.

​

I remember my first day at school.

Remind = someone or something helps you to remember something. Remind is not usually used with the subject "I".

It reminds me of when I lived in Egypt.

NOT I remind  of when.

You remind me of my sister. NOT I remind me of.

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​Speaking Part 2

​Describe a memorable period or event from your childhood.

You should say:

·       what the event or period was

·       what happened during this event or time

·       why it was memorable and what you learned from this experience.

You will have to talk about the topic for 1-2 minutes. You have one minute to think about what you are going to say. You can make notes if you wish.