Unit 3 Topic 1 and 2 Review

How did the US double in size during the 1800s?

. In 1803, France agreed to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States. It cost $15 million. This event is known as the Louisiana Purchase.

Multiple Choice

Who did President Thomas Jefferson trust to travel and discover the Louisiana Territory?

• Lewis and Clark

• John Adam and Ben Franklin

• Hamilton and Aaron Burr

• Clark and Washington

​What was their mission?

On their journey, Lewis and Clark would take notes on the landforms, lakes and rivers, plants, animals, and people and villages they encountered. They would collect samples of useful plants, and they would make maps. Their mission was simple: gather information about the LA territoy.

Multiple Choice

Who served as an interpreter for Lewis and Clark and led them through the Rocky Mountains?

• Sacagawea
• Pocahontas
• Sitting Bull
• Geronimo

Sacagawea

He had lived among Native Americans for many years. The other was Charbonneau’s sixteen-year-old wife Sacagawea She was expecting a child. Sacagawea, a Shoshone (/sho*sho*nee/) woman, had been kidnapped as a young girl by a group of Hidatsa people. Now she lived with her husband and the Mandan. Sacagawea would serve as an interpreter for the Corps of Discovery

A symbol of Expansion

​The Gateway Arch

In addition, the Gateway Arch in St. Louis stands as a symbol of the city’s role in the journey west. It is a monument in part to President Thomas Jefferson, Sacagawea, and the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

Multiple Choice

What are some ways settlers traveled out west during the early 1800s?

• By skateboard
• By submarine
• Wagon trains, on foot, and by horseback
• By airplane

Life in the West

​The Great Plains

All the people who moved west had to adjust to their new life. In the East, some had lived in cities. They would have shopped at markets and stores and gone to social events, much like you might do today. Life in the West was different. Not only were there no cities, but across the Appalachian Mountains, the geography was very different from the eastern forests. The area between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains was a prairie, or grassland, we call the Great Plains. It was flat, dry, and treeless.

Multiple Choice

Without trees on the Great plains, what types of homes did settlers build?

• Stone houses
• Brick houses
• Teepees
• Sod houses and Dugouts

The Oregon Trail

Not many Americans settled on the prairie at first. The land there was too difficult to farm. And some people were unsure of what might happen if they settled on land that had belonged to Native Americans. Then, in the 1830s, Christian missionaries went to Oregon. They wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity. They reported about the beauty, mild climate, and rich farmland of Oregon. Their stories of Oregon encouraged large numbers of easterners to emigrate there. In 1846, the United States and Great Britian divided the Oregon Territory along the current Canadian border. As a result, wagon trains, sometimes stretching a mile or longer, headed to Oregon across the prairie.

Multiple Choice

According to the map, which coast did the Oregon Trail end?

• West Coast
• Great Lakes Coast
• Gulf Coast
• East Coast

How was the Manifest Destiny unfair?

Some Americans believed it was their duty to push the nation’s borders westward. These people believed that they lived in a special nation unlike any other. They believed that it was America’s manifest destiny to spread American liberty across the continent. Destiny means fated to happen. By manifest, they meant that America’s future was obvious to all. Sadly, at this point in history, this vision of freedom did not take into account Native Americans or African Americans.

Multiple Choice

What did the Manifest Destiny motivate European settlers to do?

• Stay in their original settlements
• Establish colonies in South America
• Expand westward across North America
• Retreat back to Europe

New Technologies

​The steamboat

Improvements in the steam engine made traveling upriver possible. The steam engine burned wood or coal to heat water. The heated water became steam. American inventor Robert Fulton used a steam engine to build a passenger steamboat. It took sailing ships four days to make this 150-mile journey. The Clermont completed the trip in only a day and a half! Soon, steamboats made their appearance on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. They carried passengers and goods up and down these water highway.

New Technologies

​The Locomotive

The steam engine changed land travel just like it changed water travel. The first railroads used horses to pull train cars along tracks. In 1803, the locomotive was invented in England. This was a train car powered by a steam engine. A locomotive could haul many railroad cars behind it. The first locomotive arrived in America in 1829.

Multiple Choice

What were two new forms of transportation that was used during the Westward expansion?

• Horse and buggy
• Canoe and bicycle
• Walking and stagecoach
• Steamboat and railroad

The first American railroads in the United States were built in the East to connect big cities. Then, during the 1860s, two American railroad companies decided to build a transcontinental railroad. When this new railroad was finished, people and goods would be able to travel from one coast to the other in about week.

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​Transcontinental Railroad of 1869