4.15 Electrical Energy Lesson

​4.15 Electrical Energy

• Electricity is the movement of electrons.

• Most electricity in China is produced through the burning of coal.

• In the United States most electrical energy is produced by plants burning natural gas, coal and oil.

• Wind, hydroelectric, wave and solar can all be used to produce electricity.
  
  

​Coal Power

• ​This is a large coal power plant, burning coal produces large amounts of carbon dioxide, but coal is cheap.

• Coal heats water to turn a turbine that spins a generator.

​Generator

• ​A generator spins moving wires through a magnetic field.

• This produces an electrical current.

• This electricity then goes through wires to your home, factories and businesses.

• Gerators are pushed around using turbines.

​Turbine

• Turbines can be pushed around using steam, water or wind.

• Steam turbines have many blades that capture energy from the moving steam.

• Hydroelectric turbines have fewer blades and are pushed by water and powered by gravity.

​rotor

​A rotor is the part of the machine that turns.

The shaft goes from the turbine to the generator and turn the rotor.

​Hydroelectricity

​Hydroelectricity - is electricity made from water power.
It can be very large and power a large city or small for a house.
Water turns a turbine that then turns a generator.

​Wind generator

​Wind generators have large blades that are shaped like the wings of an airplane and they turn the generator.

​The electric toaster

​resistor - something that limits the flow of electricity
lever - a bar used to operate a machine
filament - a fine wire (in the toaster the part that gets hot)
circuit - a closed path in which electricity can flow.

​An electric toaster has a heating filament, a circuit, a lever and a resistor.

​An Electric car

​An electric car has a motor to turn the wheels.
It has batteries that store the energy.
The motors can turn into generators to turn kenetic energy into electrical energy to charge the batteries when you need to slow down.

​Electricity and Light

• ​LED - is a type of light used in many devices

• Display - information shown on a screen

• segment - one part of something that has been divided

• digital - showing time by displaying numerals digits.

​We can see a candle, an incandesent light bulb, a flourescent light bulb and an LED light bulb above.
A candle and an incadesent light bulb mostly produce heat and some light.
An incandesent bulb - 100W, a Flourescent bulb - 30W, an LED 16W all make about the same light as 1600 candles or 1600 lumens.

​How to make an electro-magnet

​An experiment! Make an electromagnet. You need a battery, insulated wire and an iron nail.
See how many pins you can pick up! Change the number of turns around the nail:
Try 5 turns, 10 turns, 15 turns, 20 turns, 30 turns, 50 turns.

​Make a table to show how many pins are picked up with each!

Multiple Choice

A device that makes electricity by using chemical reactions, stores energy until it is needed

• circuit
• battery
• insulator
• copper wire

Multiple Choice

A path followed by an electric current

• open circuit
• flow
• current
• circuit

Multiple Choice

A complete electrical circuit or path through which electricity or current can pass or flow

• open circuit
• circuit
• closed circuit
• current

Multiple Choice

Magnetism produced by an electric current

• battery
• electromagnetism
• open circuit
• closed circuit

Multiple Choice

When a switch is _________, the electric current can flow through the circuit.

• open

• closed

Multiple Choice

If a switch is ______, a light bulb will not light.

• open

• closed

Multiple Choice

How can moving water produce electricity?

• It is used to turn a turbine in a dam
• The energy from the evaporation of water is used to produce heat
• Water in plants is used to create conduction currents
• The kinetic energy from fish that swim into a dam is captured and stored.

Multiple Choice

What kind of energy?

• Heat
• Chemical
• Atomic
• Mechanical

Multiple Choice

_________________________ is created when the kinetic energy from falling water is converted into electricity.

• geothermal energy

• biomass energy

• wind energy

• hydroelectricity

Multiple Choice

What is a circuit?

• an outlet or switch
• a path which an electric current flows
• a poor conductor

Multiple Choice

What is a switch? 

• part of the toaster that you plug into the wall
• an outlet that gives power
• part of a circuit that starts or stops the electricity

Multiple Choice

Electrical energy can make heat energy. 

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

What are filaments? 

• resistor's in the toaster's circuit
• wires that heat up when they conduct electricity
• both 

Multiple Choice

What does a lumen measure

• Brightness

• energy output

• MEMES

• heat production

Multiple Choice

How long can a LED light last

• 50000 hours

• 2000 days

• 10 years

• 2000000000000000 seconds