Excretory system

Multiple Choice

Which human excretory organ breaks down Red blood cells and synthesizes urea?

• Lung

• skin

• liver

• kidney

Multiple Choice

Which human excretory structure aids in the maintenance of normal body temperature?

• sweat glands

• liver

• nephron

• urinary bladder

Multiple Choice

Which sequence represents the correct pathway for the removal of urine from the human body?

• kidney->ureter->bladder->urethra

• kidney->urethra->bladder->ureter

• ureter->kidney->bladder->urethra

• urethra->kidney->bladder->ureter

Multiple Choice

In humans, the organ that most directly regulates the concentration of water in the blood is the

• heart

• pancreas

• liver

• kidney

Multiple Choice

In humans, the ureter transports urine from the

• blood to the kidney

• liver to the kidney

• kidney to the urinary bladder

• urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Multiple Choice

The structure indicated by A is known as the

• cyton

• Bowman's Capsule

• glomerulus

• urinary bladder

Multiple Choice

The nephron is the structural unit of the

• lung

• kidney

• liver

• intestine

Multiple Choice

In humans, gout is caused by excess production and deposition of

• lactic acid

• uric acid

• amino acids

• fatty acids

Multiple Choice

An investigation was carried out to determine the effect of drinking an excessive amount of water on urine flow. a subject drank 1 liter of water in 5 minutes, and then urine output was measured. The graph shows how the human adult kidneys respond to regulate water balance in the body. Urine output was measured every 10 minutes for a little over 3 hours. Normal output for an average adult is approximately .5-1 mL/minute. Approximately how long did it take, in minutes, for the body to return to NORMAL after the intake of water?

• 10 min.

• 30 min.

• 120 min.

• 180 min.

Fill in the Blanks

Identify a structure, in organisms that do not have kidneys , that is adapted to regulate water balance.

Multiple Choice

The change in urine production during this 3 hour period was most likely the result of

• antibody production

• homeostasis and negative feedback

• enzymatic breakdown of water

• nerve cell malfunction

Multiple Choice

One half-hour after the liter of water was consumed, the urine produced by the kidneys was

• 2-3 mL/min

• 4-5 mL/min

• 8 times greater than normal

• below normal

Fill in the Blanks

When humans perspire, water, urea, and salts containing sodium are removed from the blood. Drinking water during extended periods of physical exercise replenishes the water but not the sodium. This increase in water dilutes the blood and may result in the concentration of sodium dropping low enough to cause a condition knows as HYPONATREMIA. Symptoms of hyponatremia include headache, nausea, and a lack of coordination. Left untreated, it can lead to coma and even death. The body has a variety of feedback mechanisms that assist in regulating water and sodium concentrations in the blood. The kidneys play a major role in these mechanisms, as they filter the blood and produce urine. Many runners pour water on their bodies during a race. Explain how this action helps to maintain homeostasis.

Multiple Choice

Which process reduces the concentration of urea in the blood of humans?

• digestion

• egestion

• synthesis

• excretion

Multiple Choice

The removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes from an organism illustrates the life function know as ______________, this occurs in the lungs in structures called ________.

• digestion, nephron

• excretion, alveoli

• digestion, alveoli

• excretion, nephron