C20.1 REVIEW

​Unit 6

Lesson 1

Plant Seeds and Tissues

Plant Cells and Tissues
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Plant Cells

•Plant cells are identifiable
by their cell walls and
large central vacuole.

•Plants have many types
of cells adapted for
specific purposes.

Multiple Choice

Plant Cells are identifiable by their...

(Choose all that apply)

• cell walls

• large central vacuole

• multiple nuclei

• green cytoplasm

Plant Cells and Tissues
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Plant Cells

Parenchyma Cells

•Most flexible, thin-walled cells found throughout the plant are parenchyma cells.

•Can undergo cell division when mature, allowing them to repair damaged parts
of plants.

•Basis of many plant structures and functions, including:

•Storage

•Photosynthesis

•Gas exchange

•Protection

Multiple Choice

cells in which photosynthesis and food storage occur

• collenchyma

• sclerenchyma

• parenchyma

Plant Cells and Tissues
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Plant Cells

Collenchyma Cells

•Plant cells that often are elongated and occur in long strands or cylinders that
provide support for the surrounding cells are collenchyma cells.

•Have unevenly thickened cell walls, which allow the cells to stretch and be
flexible.

•Retain the ability to undergo cell division when mature.

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic does collenchyma give to a plant?

• color

• flexibility

• height

• taste

Plant Cells and Tissues
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Plant Cells

Sclerenchyma Cells

•Plant cells that lack cytoplasm and other living components when they mature,
leaving thick, rigid cell walls are called sclerenchyma cells.

•Sclerenchyma cells provide support for the plant and transport of materials.

•Classified as either sclereids or fibers

•Sclereids are also called stone cells, short and irregularly shaped

•Fibers are needle shaped, when stacked together they form a tough elastic
tissue

Multiple Choice

cells that provide strength such as sclereids and fibers

• collenchyma

• sclerenchyma

• parenchyma

Plant Tissues

•Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a function.

•A plant tissue can be composed of one or more types of cells.

•There are four different tissue types found in plants – meristematic, dermal,
vascular, and ground.

Plant Cells and Tissues
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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not one of the four different tissue types found in plants?

• epidermal

• dermal

• meristematic

• vascular

Plant Tissues

Meristematic tissue

•Meristematic tissues make up meristems, or
regions of rapidly dividing cells which produce
new cells for plants.

•Apical meristems: tissues at the tips of roots
and stems, responsible for primary growth

•Intercalary meristems: found at one or more
location along a monocot stem

•Lateral meristems: increase root and stem
diameter through secondary growth

Plant Cells and Tissues
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Multiple Choice

Lateral meristems...

• increase root and stem diameter through secondary growth

• tissues at the tips of roots and stems, responsible for primary growth

• found at one or more location along a monocot stem

Plant Tissues

Meristematic tissue

•The vascular cambium is a thin cylinder of
meristematic tissue.

•Can run the entire length of roots or stems

•Some plants also have a type of lateral meristem
called the cork cambium.

•Produces cells that form a protective outside
layer on stems and roots.

Plant Cells and Tissues
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Multiple Choice

True or False: Meristematic tissue Can run the entire length of roots or stems

• True

• False

Plant Tissues

Dermal tissue—the epidermis

•The layer of cells that makes up the outer covering on a plant is the epidermis.

•Epidermal cells resemble pieces of a jigsaw puzzle with interlocking ridges and
dips.

Plant Cells and Tissues
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Plant Tissues

Dermal tissue – the epidermis

•The epidermis has several adaptations to protect the plant and prevent water
loss.

•Changes in the shape of guard cells result in the opening and closing of a
stomata.

•Some epidermal cells have hairlike projections called trichomes, which prevent
insect and animal predation.

•Root hairs are fragile extensions of root epidermal cells.

Plant Cells and Tissues
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Plant Tissues

Vascular tissue

•Xylem is the water-carrying vascular
tissue, composed of specialized cells
called vessel elements and tracheids.

•Vessel elements are tubular cells
stacked end-to-end.

•Lack end walls, allowing free
movement of water from one vessel
element to another

•Tracheids are tubular cells with pitted
ends and end walls.

•Less efficient at moving water than
vessel elements

Plant Cells and Tissues
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Multiple Select

Xylem is the water-carrying vascular tissue, composed of specialized cells called ______ _______and _________

• sieve tube members

• vessel elements

• companion cells

• tracheids

Plant Tissues

Vascular tissue

•Phloem is the main food-carrying tissue in
vascular plants

•Consists of two types of cells, sieve tube
members and companion cells.

•Sieve tube members contain cytoplasm but
lack nuclei and ribosomes when mature.

•Companion cells occur next to sieve tube
cells and have a nucleus.

•Scientists hypothesize that the companion
cell nucleus functions for both cells.

Plant Cells and Tissues
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Multiple Select

Phloem is composed of which two types of cells?

• sieve tube members

• vessel elements

• companion cells

• tracheids

Plant Tissues

Ground tissue

•Plant tissues that are not meristematic, dermal, or vascular tissues are
ground tissues.

•Consists of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells

•Functions include photosynthesis, storage, and support

Plant Cells and Tissues
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Multiple Choice

What protects the outside of the plant?

• dermal tissue

• xylem

• phloem

• vascular tissue

Multiple Choice

What kind of tissue is consistently present in tall plants?

• phloem

• xylem

• vascular tissue

• cork

Multiple Choice

What kind of tissue has been affected by a mutation if a plant fails to produce a cuticle?

• dermal tissue

• ground tissue

• meristematic tissue

• vascular tissue

Multiple Choice

What is considered the "workhorse" of plant tissues?

• vascular tissue

• dermal tissue

• ground tissue

Multiple Choice

What kind of cells are very thick and provide flexible support for a plant?

• Sclerenchyma cells

• Undiffereniated cells

• parenchyma cells

• collenchyma cells

Multiple Choice

What kind of cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis and stores the products of photosynthesis

• Sclerenchyma cells

• Undiffereniated cells

• parenchyma cells

• collenchyma cells

Multiple Choice

What kind of cells are thick support cells and when they die they contribute to the woody structures within a plant?

• sclerenchyma cells

• undiffereniated cells

• parenchyma cells

• collenchyma cells

Multiple Choice

What kind of tissue is abundant in the region of a root just above the root cap?

• ground tissue

• meristematic tissue

• dermal tissue

Multiple Choice

What kind of leaves lose their leaves each fall and grow them again the following spring?

• evergreens

• deciduous

• blade

• petiole

Multiple Choice

What kind of leaves retain their leaves throughout the year?

• evergreens

• deciduous

• blade

Multiple Choice

What are tiny leaf-like structures at the base of the petiole

• blade

• petiole

• stipules

• veins

Multiple Select

What are the two kinds of veins in leaves?

• monocot

• petiole

• dicot

Multiple Choice

What kind of veins run parallel to each other

• parallel venation

• netted venation

Multiple Choice

What kind of veins branch and form a network?

• parallel venation

• netted venation

Multiple Select

What are the four types of leaves?

• pinnately compound

• bipinnately compound

• palmate

• complex

• simple

Multiple Choice

What kind of leaf is divided into multiple leaflets connected along one main stem?

• bipinnately compound

• pinnately compound

• palmate

• simple

Multiple Choice

What kind of leaf is divided into leaflets that further divide into smaller leaflets

• bipinnately compound

• pinnately compound

• palmate

• simple

Multiple Choice

What kind of leaf is divided into two or more leaflets connected in one central location

• bipinnately compound

• pinnately compound

• palmate

• simple

Multiple Choice

What kind of leaf is not divided into leaflets

• bipinnately compound

• pinnately compound

• palmate

• simple

Multiple Choice

What are the little openings on the underside of each leaf where the gas exchange occurs

• stomata

• guard cells

• simple

Multiple Choice

What are the modified epidermal cells that open and close a stoma

• stomata

• simple leaves

• guard cells

Multiple Choice

What are the tiny structures at the nodes that will develop into branches?

• buds

• internodes

• nodes

• stoma

Multiple Choice

What are the points along a stem that produce leaves

• buds

• internodes

• nodes

• stoma

Multiple Select

What does vascular cambium produce?

• xylem

• phloem

• none of these

• bark

Multiple Choice

What are the regions between the nodes

• buds

• internodes

• nodes

• stoma

Multiple Select

What are the two groups of stems

• herbaceous

• cork cambium

• woody

• meristematic tissue

Multiple Choice

What are tiny spores in the stem

• lenticels

• cortex

• cork cambium

• vascular combium

Multiple Choice

What is the thin layer of meristematic tissue in the stem?

• vascular cambium

• cork cambium

• epidermis

Multiple Choice

What gives us an estimate of secondary growth?

• annual rings

• summerwood

• springwood

Multiple Choice

When is the largest amount of xylem produced?

• Spring

• Summer

• Autumn

• Winter

Multiple Choice

Which rings in a tree are wide and light-colored?

• springwood

• summerwood

Multiple Choice

Which rings in a tree are thin and dark-colored?

• springwood

• summerwood

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of dicots?

• netted ventation

• scattered vascular bundles

• secondary growth

• two cotyledons

Multiple Select

What are the two types of root systems?

• Taproot

• Tapdance root

• there is only one

• Fibrous root system

Multiple Choice

Roots are covered by an epidermis

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

What is under the epidermis and stores materials, helps plants take in water and minerals, and is made of ground tissue

• dermis

• cortex

• endodermis

• epidermis

Multiple Choice

What is under the cortex and regulates the flow of materials between the cortex and the vascular tissues

• roots

• cortex

• endodermis

• dermis

SIMPLE PLANT TISSUES (REVIEW)

What are they main types and functions

Open Ended

What did you enjoy the most about Christmas?

Root System and Shoot System

Parts of the plant

Multiple Choice

What organs are part of the system of tissues that are underground the soil.

• leaves, buds, stems, flowers (if the plant has any), and fruits (if the plant has any)

• the roots, tubers, and rhizomes

Ground tissues, Vascular Tissues and Dermal Tissue

​

Multiple Choice

What are the plant tissues made of?

• Plant Organs

• Animal Cells

• Plant Cells

• Animal Organs

Ground Tissues

The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular. They store nutrients and do photosynthesis.

Multiple Select

What is the function of the ground tissue

• Transport water and nutrients inside the plant

• Protect the plant

• photosynthesis

• Storage nutrients

Vascular Tissues

Vascular tissue is a complex conducting tissue, formed of more than one cell type, found in vascular plants. The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the Vascular tissue

• Transport water and nutrients inside the plant

• Protect the plant

• photosynthesis

• Storage nutrients

Dermal Tissue

Dermal tissue is found covering the younger primary parts of a plant. These include leaves, roots, stems, flowers, fruits, and seeds. Plant parts that become woody no longer have dermal tissue as their outer layer because it is replaced by periderm or cork.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the dermal tissue?

• Storage nutrients

• Protect from water loss and invaders

• Photosynthesis

• Transport nutrients to the plant.

PLANTS SIMPLE TISSUES

CONSIST PRIMARILY OF ONE TYPE OF CELL

Parenchyma, Sclerenchyma and Collenchyma

Open Ended

What is your New Year's resolution?

Parenchyma

Cells are thin with flexible cell walls. Functions include photosynthesis, storage of starch, proteins, and oils and structural support, nectar secretion, and gas exchange.

Multiple Choice

It is a function of the parenchyma...

• Photosynthesis

• Storage of glucose

• Both

Parenchyma

To recognize it in the microscope, search for cells with thin cell wall and spaces between the cells

Multiple Choice

How to recognized Parenchyma tissue?

• It is green and hasn't a nucleus

• The cells are all squares with thick cell walls

• There are empty spaces between the cells

• There is a title that says parenchyma in the photo

Sclerenchyma

Cells are thick cell walls. Functions resist stretching and compression. We use them to create paper, rope, clothes.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the Sclerenchyma?

• Thick wall.. must be support

• Thick wall.. must be transporting

Sclerenchyma

To recognize them in the microscope search for cells with a THICK cell wall. The Thickest

Multiple Choice

How to recognized Sclerenchyma tissue?

• It is green and hasn't a nucleus

• The cells have thick cell walls

• There are empty spaces between the cells

• There is a title that says parenchyma in the photo

Collenchyma

The cell has a cell wall that is thickened unevenly. The function gives support during rapidly growing plant parts like stems and leafs stalks.

Multiple Choice

What is the function of the Collenchyma?

• Gives support during rapidly growing plant parts like stems and leafs stalks.

• Gives support after the plant growth finish to parts like stems and leafs stalks.

Collenchyma

Collenchyma under the microscope looks like cells with an uneven cellwall

Multiple Select

Which of the following are complex tissues?

• Dermal

• Vascular

• Collenchyma

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

What type of simple tissue is this one?

• Parenchyma

• Collenchyma

• Sclerenchyma

• Photosynthesis

Multiple Choice

What type of simple tissue is this one?

• Parenchyma

• Collenchyma

• Sclerenchyma

• Photosynthesis