From the Wars of the Roses to the Stuarts

From the Normans to the Tudors

1.The War of the Roses

(1455-1485)

The war with France ended in 1453 but fighting broke out in England in a civil war fought by two rival families who contended their right to the throne.

Each family had a rose as their symbol:
Red for Lancaster and white for York

the House of Lancaster

the House of York

From the Normans to the Tudors

• Richard III, the last Yorkist king, was killed by the Lancastrian Henry Tudor in the final battle of the war, the Battle of Bosworth, in 1485.

• Henry became Henry VII, the first king of the Tudor dynasty.

• He married Elizabeth of York, daughter of the Yorkist king Edward IV and niece of Richard III, thus uniting the two contending houses.

1.The War of the Roses

(1455-1485)

​https://edpuzzle.com/media/5d87e5064ecd9740a328a8e5

The Stuarts

From the Tudors to the Stuarts

2. James I

(1603-1625)

• Elizabeth died in 1603 without heirs.

• James VI of Scotland, son of Mary Queen of Scots, became
  the first Stuart king in England with the title of James I.

• He united three kingdoms: England, Scotland and Ireland

• He was a Protestant and reinforced the Anglican Church

• He based his rule on the theory of ‘divine right of kings’.

• He summoned Parliament only to ask for money.

From the Tudors to the Stuarts

3. The Gunpowder Plot

• James I authorised a new translation of the Bible.

• In 1605 some radical Catholics plotted to blow up the king in the Houses of Parliament.

• The failure of the Gunpowder Plot is commemorated in England on 5thNovember.

Children have fireworks and burn effigies of Guy Fawkes, one of the conspirators, on bonfires.

From the Tudors to the Stuarts

4. James I and the Puritans

•
In 1620 hundred of dissenters, or extreme puritans – the Pilgrim Fathers –, left England for America on the Mayflower and founded New Plymouth.

From the Tudors to the Stuarts

5. James I and Ireland

• James I confiscated lands from Irish Catholics and encouraged English and Scottish planters to move to Northern Ireland, in order to bring a rebellion back under control

• A conflict started between England and Ireland.