The Heart PPT

Multiple Choice

What is the process of blood cells being produced called?

• hemodialysis
• hematopoiesis
• photosynthesis
• respiration

Multiple Choice

Which component of blood is responsible for helping to stop bleeding?

• White blood cells
• Red blood cells
• Plasma
• Platelets

Multiple Choice

Who am I?
I am the largest (in size) blood component and have a nucleus.

• Red blood cell
• Platelet
• Plasma
• White blood cell

Multiple Choice

What does blood transport?

• oxygen

• nutrients

• CO2

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

Another name for white blood cells is

• thrombocytes
• neutrophils
• leukocytes
• erythrocytes

Multiple Choice

Red blood cells are

• thrombocytes
• neutrophils
• leukocytes
• erythrocytes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following corresponds to the role of lymphocytes?

• Digesting food
• Immune response
• Transporting oxygen
• Regulating body temperature

Multiple Choice

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

• Bone marrow
• Spleen
• Lungs
• Liver

Multiple Choice

What is the life span of a red blood cell?

• 365 days
• 60 days
• 120 days
• 10 days

Multiple Choice

What is a clot called in an unbroken blood vessel?

• Embolism
• Stroke
• Thrombus
• Heart attack

Multiple Choice

What is a clot that breaks away and floats freely in the blood stream?

• Hemoglobin
• Embolus
• Thrombus
• Platelet

•The heart is a hollow,
muscular organ about
the size of a fist located
between the lungs

•The apex (tip) is pointed
towards the left hip

•Contracts about 72 times per minute

•In one year, the heart
pumps enough blood to fill an Olympic sized
swimming pool.

•The surface of the heart is covered with a protective layer of tissue called the pericardium.

•The pericardium is
composed of 2 layers:
•1. Fibrous pericardium-
provides protection & anchors the heart in place

•2.Serous pericardium- Produces lubricating fluid , which collects in the pericardial cavity, to reduce friction of the heart against other tissues

•2a. Parietal pericardium

•2b. Visceral pericardium

•The heart itself is comprised of three layers:

1.

Epicardium (also known as
the visceral pericardium,
already discussed)

2.

Myocardium- thick,
twisting bundles of cardiac muscle to provide
contractions

3.

Endocardium- thin layer
lining the heart chambers

•The human cardiovascular system has 2 loops that circulate blood back to the heart.

Pulmonary Circuit

-Carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back.
-Picks up O2 and releases CO2.

Systemic Circuit

-Carries blood from the heart to the body tissues and back.
-Drops off O2 and picks up CO2.

Pulmonary Circuit:
Major blood vessels
attached to the heart
are:
• Pulmonary trunk

(which branches into
the right and left
pulmonary arteries)

• Pulmonary veins

Systemic Circuit:
Major blood vessels
attached to the heart are:
• Venae cavae

• Superior
• Inferior

• Aorta

•The heart is located between the lungs. It
is protected by a multi-layered
pericardium. The heart itself has 3 layers- the epicardium, the myocardium, and the endocardium. It pumps blood in two paths- the pulmonary circuit, which delivers blood to the lungs and the systemic circuit, which delivers blood to the body.

Match

Match the following the 3 layers of the heart

• Myocardium

• Endocardium

• Pericardium

middle layer of the heart wall

innermost layer of the heart

outermost layer of the heart;Epicardium

• middle layer of the heart wall

• innermost layer of the heart

• outermost layer of the heart;Epicardium

Categorize

Options (8)

-Carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back.

-Picks up O2 and releases CO2.

-Carries blood from the heart to the body tissues and back.

-Drops off O2 and picks up CO2.

pulmonary arteries

Aorta

pulmonary veins

Venae cavae

Organize these options into the right categories

Pulmonary Circuit

Systemic Circuit

•The human heart has 4
chambers:
•2 atria (singular: atrium) on top to
receive blood

•2 ventricles on bottom to pump
blood back out

•The left side of the heart
receives oxygenated blood
from the pulmonary veins and
the right side receives
deoxygenated blood from the
body tissues. The septum
prevents the oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood from
mixing.

Superior Vena Cava
Returns blood to heart
from upper body

Right Atrium

-Receives
deoxygenated blood
from body tissues
-Covered by auricle

Coronary Blood Vessels
-Provide oxygen to heart itself
-Veins (blue) Arteries (red)

Right Ventricle

-Receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium

Aorta

Takes oxygenated blood to body tissues

Pulmonary Arteries

-Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up more oxygen

Left Atrium

-Receives oxygenated blood
from lungs
-Covered by auricle

Left Ventricle

-Receives oxygenated
blood from left atrium

Apex

Tip of heart

© Gnature with Gnat 2018

Returns blood to heart from lower body

Inferior Vena Cava

Pulmonary Veins

-Brings oxygenated
blood from lungs

•Valves= flaps of tissue that
prevent blood from flowing
backwards
•Like a set of swinging doors

•Two sets:

•1. Between atria & ventricles are
atrioventricular (AV) valves

•Right side- tricuspid valve (3 flaps of
tissue)

•Left side- bicuspid valve/mitral valve (2 flaps of tissue)

•2. Between ventricles & blood
vessels are semilunar valves

• Right side- pulmonary valve

• Left side- aortic valve

Superior Vena Cava

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Right Ventricle

Inferior Vena
Cava

Right AV Valve
(Tricuspid Valve)
-Held in place by
chordae tendineae

Right pulmonary
veins

Left Pulmonary
veins

Left Pulmonary
Arteries

Left AV Valve (Bicuspid
Valve)
-Held in place by chordae
tendineae

Semilunar valves
-Prevent flow backwards
into heart

Aorta

•The heart is divided into 4 chambers.
The right and left sides are separated
by the septum. Blood flows in one
direction through valves. They
regulate blood flow between the
atria and ventricles and also between
the ventricles and the blood vessels.

Use the last few slides to help you fill out your diagram packet

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Fill This OUT

Multiple Choice

Blood flows in one direction through

• skin, hair, and nails
• lungs, heart, and liver
• bones, muscles, and tendons
• veins, arteries, and capillaries

Multiple Choice

what prevents the oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood from
mixing in the heart?

• septum

• valves

• atrium

• ventricles

•Deoxygenated blood:

•From body tissues -> superior vena cava and inferior vena cava ->right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs (to pick up more oxygen and drop of carbon dioxide)

•Oxygenated blood:

•From lungs --> pulmonary veins -> left atrium ->left ventricle -> aorta (to drop off oxygen to rest of body)

•The intrinsic conduction system sets the
pace for heart contractions.

•It is composed of special tissues able to
generate their own impulse.

•The sinoatrial (SA) node begins the
impulse, which causes the contraction
of the atria. The SA node is also called
the cardiac pacemaker.

•Next, the impulse reaches the
atrioventricular node (AV node). The
AV node pauses, letting the atria empty
into the ventricles.

•The impulse continues into the AV
bundle and the bundle branches to the
Purkinje fibers, which contract the ventricles sending blood out of the heart.
Diagram of a heartbeat on an echocardiogram (ECG)

•The heartbeat (or cardiac cycle) is one contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle.
• Diastole= relaxation of heart & filling with blood

• Systole= contraction of heart

•The frequency of this heartbeat is called the heartrate and it occurs about 75 times each minute.

Click here to see an

animation of this process.

•Stages of Diastole:

•Atrial contraction (ventricles fill with blood)

•AV valves close, making first heart sound (“lub”)

•Stages of Systole:

•Isovolumetric contraction- ventricles are contracting with all valves closed

•Ejection phase- pressure in the ventricles builds until the
semilunar valves open and blood is released into the blood vessels. Blood is also refilling the atria during this phase.

•Semilunar valves close, making the second heart sound (“dup”)

•Isovolumetric relaxation- ventricles relax with all valves closed

•Diastole begins again and the cycle repeats.

•Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute.

•It is calculated by the following
formula:
•Cardiac output = heart rate x
stroke volume

•Stroke volume is the volume of
blood pumped out by a ventricle in a heartbeat

•Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute

•Stroke volume can change by:

•Exercise: additional blood return from muscles brings
in more volume to the ventricles

•Rapid blood loss: decreases blood returning to heart

•Heart rate can change by:

•Stress: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems cause rate to increase or decrease

•Hormones: epinephrine & thyroxine increase heart rate

•Ions: Electrolyte imbalances affect the ability for the heart to contract

•Physical factors: age, body temperature, and overall health

•Blood flows through the heart
through the rhythmic relaxation
(diastole) and contraction (systole) of the heart. This process is controlled by the intrinsic conduction system and can be affected by both stroke volume and heart rate.

Open Ended

What is the difference between diastole and systole?

Open Ended

Explain how the heart beat is regulated

Multiple Choice

If Jenny has a resting heart rate of 60 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70mL, what is her cardiac output?

• 120mL/min
• 800mL/min
• 4200mL/min
• 60mL/min