Protein synthesis 1

Nucleotides

● A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of

tiny parts called Nucleotides.

● Each nucleotide consists of:

Phosphate group
Sugar (Deoxyribose)
Nitrogenous base

RNA
(Ribonucleic Acid)

Multiple Choice

RNA is a molecule used by the cell to take instructions coded in DNA to make

• amino acids

• proteins

• nucleotides

Multiple Choice

RNA has how many strands?

• one

• two

Multiple Choice

A nucleotide from DNA and RNA are shown in the image, what is the difference between them regarding the sugars involved?

• DNA and RNA have the same sugar

• DNA has a ribose sugar while RNA has a deoxyribose sugar

• DNA and RNA have no sugar

• DNA has a deoxyribose sugar while RNA has a ribose sugar

Multiple Choice

Base Pairing in DNA G pairs with C and A pairs with T, BUT in RNA G pairs with C and A pairs with

• G

• C

• A

• T

• U

Multiple Choice

What is the mRNA for the following DNA strand?

TAC GTA

• GCT AGC

• ATG CAT

• AUG CAU

Multiple Choice

Which nitrogenous bases are found in RNA?

• cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine

• cytosine, adenine, thymine, uracil

• adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine

• thymine, adenine, uracil, cytosine

Multiple Select

An RNA nucleotide contains which 3 things?

• ribose sugar

• deoxyribose sugar

• phosphate group

• nitrogen bases (G, C, A, U)

• nitrogen bases (G, C, A, T)

Explanation Slide...

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3 types of RNA work together

mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA all work together to build proteins!

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA transfers amino acids?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

What is the role of mRNA

• Carry an amino acid to the ribosome

• Copy the instructions from DNA and carry it out of the nucleus

• Make up the ribosomes

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA reads the code of mRNA?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

Multiple Choice

Which type of RNA is a copy of the DNA “code” instructions for building proteins?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• ​In order to make a protein, cells must first make RNA from DNA

• DNA contains the genetic information needed to make all of our proteins, and that RNA is a messenger that carries this information to the ribosomes

Proteins are responsible for nearly every task of cellular life, and they are way more
diverse in structure and function than the other classes of macromolecules.

●A single cell can contain
thousands of proteins,
each with a unique
function.

DNA TO PROTEIN

DNA provides all the information needed to assemble proteins, but DNA cannot leave the
nucleus.

●In order to make the proteins necessary for survival, we need the help of RNA!

HOW ARE PROTEINS MADE?

​Transcription: The first step in Protein Synthesis

​Transcription occurs in the Nucleus

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The purpose of Transcription is to make mRNA to carry the DNA instructions out of the nucleus

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​Transcription: The first step

​DNA to mRNA complementary bases

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Adenine in DNA binds Uracil in mRNA (A - U)

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Thymine in DNA binds Adenine in mRNA (T - A ​)

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​Cytosine in DNA binds Guanine in mRNA (C - G)

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Guanine in DNA binds Cytosine in mRNA (G - C)​

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Multiple Choice

In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 

• cytosine
• adenine
• guanine
• thymine

​Transcription: The Process

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RNA Polymerase builds mRNA strand by attaching the complementary RNA base to the DNA strand ​

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This mRNA then leaves the nucleus​

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Multiple Choice

The process where mRNA is translated into amino acids happens in what part of the cell?

• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Cytoplasm
• Endoplasmic Reticulum

Multiple Choice

The process where mRNA is read and made into an amino acid chain.

• Transcription
• Translation
• Transportation
• Transient

Multiple Choice

The function of ______ is to combine with proteins to form ribosomes.

• rRNA
• tRNA
• mRNA
• DNA

Multiple Choice

The process where DNA is transcribed to mRNA happens in what part of the cell?

• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Cytoplasm
• Endoplasmic Reticulum

Multiple Choice

Where does Transcription occur

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• ER

• Mitochondria