TRS5. Conjunctions & Connectives

PRACTICE WITH COHESION

​ChiHongg

Three types of sentences

Simple Sentence: S + V = 1 independent clause

Compound Sentence = 2 independent clauses

Complex Sentence = 1 independent clause + dependent clause
Complex - Compound = at least 2 independent clauses + 1 dependent clause.

​I. CONJUNCTIONS
1. Coordinators ( FANBOYS)
2. Subordinators
3. Transitions
II. TRANSITIONS

​I. CONJUNCTIONS
1. Coordinators ( FANBOYS)

Multiple Choice

Traffic has become very troublesome in the downtown areas of many large cities.

________ , town planning authorities have pedestrianized many important shopping districts.

• Furthermore

• In contrast

• Consequently

• Secondly

Multiple Choice

Choose the best completion for each sentence.

I remember most of the Spanish that I studied, but __________.

• I also remember French

• I read a book in Spanish last month

• c. I have forgotten most of my Arabic

Multiple Choice

When I get sick, I go to the doctor’s office, or __________.

• the doctor gives me medicine

• I just take some vitamins

• the doctor can’t help me

Multiple Choice

John lived in Germany for years, yet...............................

• he speaks fluent German

• he can’t speak German

• he doesn’t speak English

Multiple Choice

I needed some flour to bake a cake, so __________.

• I ate cake.

• I went to the store.

• it was my mom’s birthday.

Multiple Choice

I got my haircut last week, for __________.

• it was really long.

• now it's short.

• I also dyed my hair

Multiple Choice

It rains a lot here, but __________.

• the ground is wet

• it seldom hails

• I like storms

Multiple Choice

Rebecca is very close to her stepdad, yet __________.

• she has never met her biological father

• she is also close to her mom

• she talks to him every day

Coordinating Conjunctions

PARALLEL STRUCTURES

​equal parts on both sides of the conjunction.

Multiple Choice

A good leader should be intelligent, adaptable and honesty.

• parallel

• not parallel

Multiple Choice

My mother is a CEO and responsible.

• parallel

• not parallel

Multiple Choice

Responsibility and integrity are characteristics that I admire in a person.

• parallel

• not parallel

Multiple Choice

My neighbor is a vegetarian and a pacifist.

• parallel

• not parallel

Multiple Choice

My eyes are brown and slightly green.

• parallel

• not parallel

Multiple Choice

Cheetahs are quiet and quickly.

• parallel

• not parallel

I.Conjunctions
2. Subordinators

Multiple Choice

Complete or incomplete sentence?

Although he had a large dinner of three courses just an hour ago.

• Complete

• Incomplete

Multiple Choice

Complete or incomplete sentence?

Now that we have new light fixtures in our house, the whole place feels more illuminated and modern.

• Complete

• Incomplete

Multiple Choice

Complete or incomplete sentence?

So that the team could celebrate another successful season.

• Complete

• Incomplete

Multiple Choice

Complete or incomplete sentence?

It is natural to feel a bit forlorn after a significant stage in life has come to an end.

• Complete

• Incomplete

Multiple Choice

Complete or incomplete sentence?

Until I can be as concerned about others as I am about myself, I cannot truly understand what it means to be selfless.

• Complete

• Incomplete

II. TRANSITIONS

​Transitions are words or phrases --> connect your ideas.

I forgot my suitcase.
I forgot my passport.
COMPOUND sentences
I forgot my suitcase, and I forgot my passport.
= I forgot my suitcase. In addition, I forgot my passport.

TRANSITIONS

Multiple Choice

My father is fluent in German and Italian. However, __________________

• my mother is monolingual.

• he also speaks a little Spanish.

• my mother also speaks German and Italian.

• he goes to Germany often

Multiple Choice

My father is fluent in German and Italian. Therefore, __________________

• my mother is monolingual.

• he also speaks a little Spanish.

• my mother also speaks German and Italian.

• he often chooses to go to Germany and Italy on vacation instead of Spain.

Multiple Choice

My dog barks whenever I leave the house. Therefore, __________________

• when I’m home, he doesn’t bark.

• I have to take him with me everywhere I go.

• he makes a mess of my house when I’m not there.

• last Monday he barked for 2 hours nonstop, according to the neighbor.

Multiple Choice

My dog barks whenever I leave the house. Additionally, __________________

• when I’m home, he doesn’t bark.

• I have to take him with me everywhere I go.

• he makes a mess of my house when I’m not there.

• last Monday he barked for 2 hours nonstop, according to the neighbor.

Multiple Choice

My dog barks whenever I leave the house. In fact, __________________

• when I’m home, he doesn’t bark.

• I have to take him with me everywhere I go.

• he makes a mess of my house when I’m not there.

• last Monday he barked for 2 hours nonstop, according to the neighbor

Multiple Choice

I studied for hours last night from 8:00 until well after midnight. However,.............

• I took several practices tests the night before to help me prepare for my exam

• I still failed my exam.

• I studied for six hours.

• I aced my test.

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

TRANSITIONS and CONJUNCTIONS?

BOTH: connect ideas
FUNCTION & SCOPE
- Sentence level
- Paragraph level

FROM CLUSTERS to..................

Example:
1. Jake lacks skills in the kitchen. ( unexpected result)
2. Emily is going to ask for her help. ( unexpected result)
3. Emily doesn't want Jake to feel bad. ( cause)

FROM CLUSTERS to..................

Complex sentences:
1. Even though Jake lacks skills in the kitchen, Emily is going to ask her help.
2. Emily is going to ask Jake for her help because she doesn't want her to feel bad.

WRITING TIPS - Sentence variety

1. Different types of sentences ( simple, compound, complex, compound-complex)

2. the way to start a sentence

   l Adverbs: Quietly, Every day, Frequently

   l Prepositional Phrases: In the morning, due to stress, after work

   l Other Transitions: the last reason …., another cause of… is…. , for example, furthermore

A SAMPLE PARAGRAPH

• In my opinion, high street shops are disappearing due to competition from online shopping websites, which are cheaper and more convenient.

• Web-based stores allow customers to search for the best deals, make purchases from the comfort of their homes, and receive delivery of their purchased items the next day.

• Furthermore, it is impossible for traditional bricks-and-mortar stores to compete with the range of choice that can be found online.

• For example, I recently used the website Amazon to buy some fairly rare academic textbooks that were not stocked at my local bookshop.

• As a customer, the fact that I can find any product imaginable online makes it almost pointless for me to make a trip to my local high street.

PRACTICE 1

1. Write one simple sentence.
2. Write two compound sentences - different coordinators
3. Write three clauses ( independent/ dependent)
4. Write three complex sentences.