Unit 1 Earth's Exosphere Test Review

The Big Bang Theory

• 13.7 billion years ago

• States that the universe began at a singularity (a hot, small, dense force) and started rapidly expanding

• Hubble observed that galaxies are moving further away from one another --> The universe is constantly expanding --> "Hubble's Law"

Evidence?

• Red Shift- Galaxies are constantly moving away (expanding)

• Cosmic Background Radiation, the afterglow of the Big Bang, can be observed

• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (hydrogen and helium)

• Formation of Galaxies

Nebular Theory

Formation of the Solar System (4.6 bya)

Formation of the Solar System

• 1. Nebula (cloud of gas & dust) --> gravity pulls on this cloud

• 2. Gravity collapses the nebula flat and begins to spin. Sun (H + He) forms in center

• 3. Heavier elements collide & clump (accretion) to form planets

Drag and Drop

This theory states that the universe formed from as singularity that rapidly expanded .

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Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Big Bang Theory

Nebular Theory

Giant Impact Theory

Geocentric Theory

Drag and Drop

Concerning the Giant Impact theory, a Mars-sized “protoplanet” collided with Earth, releasing debris which eventually formed the .

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moon

Earth

comets

asteroid belt

inner planets

Multiple Choice

What is the word for a large cloud of dust and gas that forms stars?

• singularity

• nebula

• galaxy

• black hole

Dropdown

According to the Big Bang theory the ​

Select answer

​ formed

Select answer

years ago

Dropdown

According to the Nebular theory the ​ ​

Select answer

​ formed ​​

Select answer

years ago

Dropdown

According to the Giant Impact Theory the ​​

Select answer

​ ​ formed ​​

Select answer

years ago​

Multiple Choice

What is the word for a cloud of dust and gas in space?

• solar system

• nebula

• galaxy

• black hole

There are three types of galaxies, Spiral, Irregular, and Elliptical. What shape is our galaxy?

Our galaxy, the Milky Way galaxy, is a spiral galaxy that looks somewhat like a pinwheel.

Stars and the HR Diagram

• The HR Diagram is a graph that compares the surface temperature of a star with its magnitude or how bright the would be if they were all the same distance from Earth.

• Luminosity is a term that measures how much energy leaves a star in a certain period of time.

• General Rule: As luminosity increases, brightness increases.

Stars and the HR Diagram

• The HR Diagram is a graph that compares the surface temperature of a star with its magnitude or how bright the would be if they were all the same distance from Earth.

• Luminosity is a term that measures how much energy leaves a star in a certain period of time.

• General Rule: As luminosity increases, brightness increases.

What do the axes on this chart show us about stars?

Temperature

Luminosity

Spectral Class

Magnitude

What affects luminosity?

• Temperature: As temperature increases, luminosity increases.

• Size: As size increases, luminosity increases.

• Most Luminous? Large and Hot

• Least Luminous? Small and Cool

Open Ended

What is the star closest to us?

Explanation Slide...

See your SINB page "4 Pillars (Evidence) of the Big Bang"1. Red Shift2. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis3. Cosmic Microwave Background4. Formation of Galaxies & a large scale Cosmos

Open Ended

List the 4 Pillars of the Big Bang Theory.

Explanation Slide...

See your SINB Page: "The Nebular Hypothesis Explains" 1. Why planets and the star they orbit usually spin in the same direction and lie in the same plane. 2. The arrangement of the planets (rocky,heaviest closest to the sun and lighter gas giants farther away)

Labelling

Match the name of each galaxy type to the correct galaxy image.

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Irregular

Barred Spiral

Lenticular

Elliptical 

Spiral

Open Ended

Describe 2 details that the Nebular Hypothesis explains.

Reorder

Reorder the following steps of the Big Bang Theory

• The cosmos expands from the size of an atom to the size of a grapefruit in 10^-43 second.

• Cosmos begins to cool and protons and neutrons form.

• There is no light, the universe is a superhot fog

• The first atoms form

• the first stars form

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Choice

The "afterglow" of the energy from the origin of the universe that we see today.

• Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB)

• sunlight

• Doppler effect

• Infrared Radiation

Multiple Choice

What type of galaxy do we live in?

• Spiral

• Elliptical

• Irregular

• Coaxial

Multiple Choice

What Galaxy is Earth located?

• Andromeda

• Milky Way

• Sagittarius

• Snickers

Labelling

Identify the location of the earth and the stellar bar of our the Milky Way Galaxy. ​

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Earth

Stellar bar

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a spiral arm of the Milky Way?

• Norma Arm

• Scutum-Centaurus Arm

• Andromeda Arm

• Perseus Arm

Multiple Choice

This unknown star contains 

• beryllium
• copper
• manganese
• strontium

Multiple Choice

What percent of stars spend their life as main sequence star ?

• 90%

• 85%

• 80%

• 50%

• 95%

Multiple Choice

Based on this diagram which type of stars would belong to spectral class B and have the lowest luminosity?

• Main Sequence Stars
• Giants
• Super Giants
• White Dwarfs

Multiple Choice

Barnard's Star has a temperature of 2,800, what is its spectral class?

• Spectral Class O
  

• Spectral Class A
• Spectral Class G
• Spectral Class M

Explanation Slide...

Red stars are coolest and blue are hottest. White stars have temperatures between those of the red and blue stars. So, the correct order, for hottest to coolest is CAB

Reorder

Order the following stars from hottest to coldest.

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Explanation Slide...

Stars that are in the upper left end of the main sequence are far more massive than those in the lower right end. They also are blue in color. All stars on the main sequence have yet to enter the final stages of their life cycles.

Multiple Choice

1. Main sequence stars in the upper left corner of the H-R diagram

• are less massive and red

• are more massive and blue

• tend to be red in color.

• are near the end of their life cycle.

Multiple Select

What are the characteristics of giants and supergiants? (Select all that apply)

• exceptionally large

• massive

• luminous

• realtively cool tempertures

• relatively extremely hot

Dropdown

The nearest star to our sun is ​

Select answer

. It belongs to the ​

Select answer

star group

Inner Planets

What are their characteristics?

Inner Planets

Made Of: Rock, known as Terrestrial Planets

Size: Smaller

Location: Closer to the Sun

Multiple Choice

What are the four inner planets?

• Earth, Uranus, Mercury, Venus

• Mercury Venus Earth Saturn

• Mars, Earth , Mercury, Venus

Multiple Choice

What planet is closest to the sun?

• Mercury

• Mars

• Jupiter

Multiple Choice

Which planet below is farthest from the sun?

• Mars

• Earth

• Jupiter

Explanation Slide...

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is the second smallest planet and has a distinctive red color.

Multiple Choice

What planet is marked by an arrow in the image below?

• Mercury

• Mars

• Venus

• Earth

• it is a dwarf planet

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the region that divides the terrestrial planets from the gas giants?

• Asteroid Belt
• Kuiper Belt

• Oort Cloud

• black matter

Explanation Slide...

Atmospheres are held by the gravity of the planet. The larger the planet, the greater its gravity, and the more likely it is to have an atmosphere. Planet A is the smallest planet and is the least likely to have an atmosphere.

Multiple Choice

The image shows four imaginary planets. Which one would most likely have the thickest atmosphere?

• 
  

• Planet A

• Planet B

• Planet C

• Planet D

Dropdown

The orbits of all planets are in the shape of ​ (a)  ​

Select answer

Multiple Choice

Where is the asteroid belt found?

• Between 2 & 3

• Between 4 & 5

• Between 6 & 7

• Beyond 8

Hotspot

Click on all of the terrestrial planets

Hotspot

Click on all of the gas giants

Multiple Choice

Where is the Kuiper belt found?

• Between 1 & 2

• Between 4 & 5

• Between 6 & 7

• Beyond 8

Match

Match the following planets to their descriptions

• Has a large storm in its atmosphere known as the "red spot"

• Has a very tilted axis

• The brightest planet

• The least dense planets

• Cold due to thin atmosphere

Jupiter

Uranus

Venus

Saturn

Mars

• Jupiter

• Uranus

• Venus

• Saturn

• Mars

Match

​ Match the planet to its description.

• Mercury
• Earth
• Neptune
• Mars

The smallest terrestrial planet

The only terrestrial planet with one moo

Has the longest-length year in the solar

Red in color because of the iron in the

• The smallest terrestrial planet

• The only terrestrial planet with one moo

• Has the longest-length year in the solar

• 
  Red in color because of the iron in the

Match

Match the following dwarf planets to their description

• Found in the Kuiper belt & has moons named Charon, Nix, & Hydra. Was once classified as a planet

• The largest object found in the Asteroid belt.

• Found in the Kuiper belt, discovered in 2005, and is named after a goddess.

Pluto

Ceres

Eris

• Pluto

• Ceres

• Eris

Multiple Choice

Which direction do all of the planets go around the sun?

• clockwise
• counter-clockwise
• verticle
• horizontal

Multiple Choice

Venus is sometimes called:

• Earth's twin

• the opposite of Earth

• the biggest planet

• the buddy planet

THE SUN!

*When did our sun form?

*What are the layers of the sun?

*What is the composition of the sun?

*What happens in the center of the sun?

What are sunspots?

*How will our sun end it's life?

*What would happen if there was no sun?

Interior of the Sun

• The Sun's Interior is composed of three main sections:

• Core

• Radiation Zone

• Convection Zone

Labelling

Label the layers of the Sun

Drag labels to their correct position on the image

Core

Corona

Radiative zone

Convection zone

Multiple Choice

These are found in pairs and are darker than the area around because they are cooler than the sun's surface.

• Sunspots

• Prominence

• Solar filaents

• Coronal Hole

Multiple Choice

When it is visible it appears as a red circle around the Sun

• convection zone
• corona
• chromosphere
• photosphere

Multiple Choice

Where in our solar system would you expect to find a planet that is mostly made of gas?

• very close to the sun

• outside of the sun's gravitational pull

• very far from the sun

• very close to other planets

Multiple Choice

The part of the sun that gives off the light we see is known as the...

• Core

• Convection Zone

• Photosphere

• Chromosphere

Dropdown

A(n) ​ (a) ​

Select answer

is the distance light travels in one Earth year. This is equal to 6 trillion miles (9 trillion km).

Drag and Drop

Stars shine using energy created by ​

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​

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in in their cores

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

nuclear

fusion

fission

spectral

radiation

plasma

recombination

Multiple Choice

Select the correct order of radiation on the Electromagnetic Spectrum from longest $$\lambda$$ to shortest $$\lambda$$

• Radio, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma

• Gamma, X-ray, UltraViolet, Visible, Infrared, Microwaves, Radio

• Visible, Microwaves, Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma, Radio

• Microwaves, Radio, Visible, Infrared, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma

Multiple Choice

We primarily use emission/absorption spectra to identify ____________ of stars.

• composition

• temperature

• luminosity

• apparent brightness

Reorder

Reorder the following according to the spectrum

• red

• orange

• yellow

• green

• blue

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5