Bio 1012 Chapter 16

Multiple Choice

What is the smallest level of organization for all living things?

• molecule

• cell

• organelle

• atom

Multiple Choice

What is the correct order of the levels of organization of living things from least inclusive (smallest) to most inclusive (largest)?

• biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom

• atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, community, ecosystem, population, biome, biosphere

• atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

• biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Multiple Select

If you are given a steak, what levels of organization are you looking at?

• cell

• organ

• organism

• tissue

Multiple Select

If you are looking at an individual cow in a field, what levels of organization does this cow encompass?

• atom

• organ

• organism

• population

• organ system

Multiple Choice

If you are looking at a herd of cattle and taking into account the abiotic items in the field, what level of organization are you studying?

• population

• ecosystem

• biome

• biosphere

Match

Match the following

• basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons

• two or more atoms joined together

• membrane-bound structure that performs a specific function within a cell

• basic unit of all living things

• group of cells that function together as a unit to perform a specific function

atoms

molecule

organelle

cell

tissue

• atoms

• molecule

• organelle

• cell

• tissue

Match

Match the following

• group of cells that function together as a unit to perform a specific function

• structures composed of tissues that all cooperate to perform a specific function

• several organs that cooperate to perform a specific function

• an individual living thing

tissues

organs

organ systems

organism

• tissues

• organs

• organ systems

• organism

Match

Match the following

• all the individuals of one species present in a specific area

• all the populations of different organisms in one place; only living things

• all the biotic and abiotic things present in an environment

• large-scale geographically recognizable area with distinct climates, plant, and animal communities

• totality of all ecosystems and biomes on earth

population

community

ecosystem

biome

biosphere

• population

• community

• ecosystem

• biome

• biosphere

Multiple Choice

Maintaining an internal balance of conditions that are necessary to sustain life is known as

• homeostasis

• homostasis

• maintenostasis

• stasis

Multiple Choice

Internal conditions have a set point around which a narrow range of fluctuations is tolerable.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

When hormones stop being produced or actions cease in response to adequate levels of the hormone or reaching a set point, this feedback loop is known as

• positive feedback loops

• negative feedback loops

• neutral feedback loops

• reverse feedback loops

Multiple Choice

When additional hormones are released in response to original hormonses being released until a process is completed, this is known as

• positive feedback loops

• negative feedback loops

• neutral feedback loops

• reverse feedback loops

Multiple Select

Which of the following are stimuli that trigger specific functional responses in humans?

• body temperature

• blood glucose levels

• blood calcium levels

• osmotic balance

• sunlight

Multiple Choice

An organisms ability to maintain a suitable body temperature is known as

• phosphorylation

• thermoregulation

• osmoregulation

• blood sugar maintenance

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an example of homeostatic regulation in humans?

• phosphorylation

• thermoregulation

• osmoregulation

• blood sugar maintenance

Multiple Choice

Endotherms and ectotherms can use adaptations of the circulatory system to control temperature of blood.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Animals that maintain a constant body temperature around a set point even when environmental changes occur is known as

• endotherms

• ectotherms

• homeotherms

• exotherms

Multiple Choice

Animals that do not have internal control of body temperature, but must rely on behavioral thermoregulation are known as

• endotherms

• ectotherms

• homeotherms

• exotherms

Multiple Select

Which of the following are endotherms?

• mammals

• birds

• reptiles

• fish

Multiple Select

Which of the following are ectotherms?

• mammals

• birds

• reptiles

• fish

Multiple Select

Endotherms have

• fur

• feathers

• fat

• scales

Multiple Select

Ectotherms rely on these behaviors to maintain body temperatures

• burrowing

• basking

• hunting

• soaking

Multiple Select

When humans need to dissipate heat what is involved?

• evaporative cooling

• vasodilation in skin

• vasoconstriction in skin

• shivering

Multiple Select

When humans need to conserve heat what is involved?

• evaporative cooling

• vasodilation in skin

• vasoconstriction in skin

• shivering

Multiple Choice

Thermoregulation involved only the circulatory and nervous systems in humans.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which of the following system functions to remove waste from the body and maintain osmotic balance in body fluids?

• excretory

• digestive

• circulatory

• endocrine

Multiple Choice

The excretory system helps to balance fluid levels not only in blood but also the interstitial fluid.

• true

• false

Dropdown

The excretory system removes sweat (​

Select answer

), CO2 (​

Select answer

), and urine (​

Select answer

).

Multiple Choice

The urinary system consists of all of the following except?

• 2 kidneys

• 2 ureters

• urinary bladder

• urethra

• rectum

Reorder

Reorder the following

• blood enters kidneys from systemic circulation

• blood is filtered through kidney tubules

• water and solutes are selectively filtered and returned to blood

• excess water and waste are sent to the bladder for storage

• excess water and waste are eliminated

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Dropdown

The conversion of food to nutrients requires ​

Select answer

(breaking food into smaller components) and ​

Select answer

(moving substances across tissues and into cells). ​

Select answer

digestion is chewing and churning of the stomach. ​

Select answer

digestion is when enzymes breakdown food particles.

Match

Match the following

• digestion begins here with chewing and mixing of saliva to produce bolus

• bolus moves through here by the action of smooth muscles

• add secretions to aid in digestion

• absorption of nutrients

• water and mineral absorption

mouth

ailmentary canal

accessory organs

small intestine

large intestine

• mouth

• ailmentary canal

• accessory organs

• small intestine

• large intestine

Match

Match the following

• moving air into and out of the lungs

• exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air sacs of lungs and blood

• air sacs

ventilation

respiration

alveoli

• ventilation

• respiration

• alveoli

Reorder

Reorder the following

• oxygen crosses lung tissue and enters bloodstream

• oxygenated blood travels to organs and tissues

• oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide

• carbon dioxide enters the bloodstream and travels to the lungs

• carbon dioxide leaves the body through exhalation

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Match

Match the following

• blood circulates through the body carrying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and cells and waste products away from tissues and cells

• blood circulates to the lungs for oxygenation and back to the heart

• at chambers to prevent backflow of blood

• small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs

• right and left atria; right and left ventricles

systemic circuit

pulmonary circuit

valves

capillaries

chambers of the heart

• systemic circuit

• pulmonary circuit

• valves

• capillaries

• chambers of the heart

Multiple Choice

Which system works with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis?

• circulatory

• skeletal

• endocrine

• exocrine

Multiple Choice

Only endocrine organs can secrete hormones as messangers for the body.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are chemical messengers that are released into body fluids and act on target tissues that have specific receptors?

• hormones

• antibodies

• pathogens

• parasites

Match

Match the following examples of hormones

• control blood sugar; secreted by pancreas

• stress response; secreted by adrenal glands

• regulate metabolic rates; secreted by thyroid glands

• stimulates cellular sctivities that promote growth; secreted by pituitary gland

insulin and glucagon

epinephrine and norepinephrine

thyroid hormones

growth hormones

• insulin and glucagon

• epinephrine and norepinephrine

• thyroid hormones

• growth hormones

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

• structural support and movement

• protection of internal organs

• production of blood cells

• regulation of calcium levels in blood

• contract to allow movement

Multiple Select

Which of the following are a part of the axial skeleton?

• skull

• vertebral column

• pectoral limbs

• pelvic girdle

Multiple Select

Which of the following are a part of the appendicular skeleton?

• skull

• vertebral column

• pectoral limbs

• pelvic girdle

Multiple Choice

Which of the following systems contracts to produce movement?

• muscular

• skeletal

• respiratory

• nervous

Match

Match the following types of muscle tissue

• voluntary; connects to bones and produces skeletal movement, helps maintain posture, supports internal organs, and helps with thermoregulation

• involuntary; found in walls of hollow organs like stomach, intestines, bladder, respiratory tract, and blood vessels

• involuntary; found only in the heart

skeletal muscle

smooth muscle

cardiac muscle

• skeletal muscle

• smooth muscle

• cardiac muscle

Multiple Choice

The cardiac muscle of the heart is unique because it produces its own electrical stimulus and has intercalated discs to allow cells to communicate and beat in unison.

• true

• false

Reorder

Reorder the following from largest to smallest

• muscle fiber

• myofibrils

• sarcomeres

1

2

3

• 1
• 2
• 3

Multiple Choice

As sarcomeres shorten causing the muscle fiber to shorten which then causes the entire muscle to shorten, this is known as muscle ____________.

• contraction

• relaxation

• shortening

• cramping

Multiple Choice

Muscles always push on a moveable part; they never pull.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Which of the following systems uses electrical and chemical signals to communicate information rapidly?

• skeletal

• nervous

• endocrine

• muscular

Dropdown

The nervous system consists of two types of cells: ​

Select answer

that are the functional cells, and ​

Select answer

that are the support cells.

Match

Match the following functions of the nervous system

• stimuli from external and internal environment

• processing and decision-making

• response to stimuli

sensory input

integration

motor output

• sensory input

• integration

• motor output

Multiple Choice

Which part of the nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord?

• central nervous system

• peripheral nervous system

• middle nervous system

• upper nervous system

Multiple Choice

Which part of the nervous system contains the sensory and motor nerves?

• central nervous system

• peripheral nervous system

• middle nervous system

• upper nervous system

Match

Match the following structures of a neuron

• signals are received

• travel to cell body

• signal continues here to the next neuron or target organ

dendrites

soma

axon

• dendrites

• soma

• axon