Unit 2 Biodiversity Review

Multiple Choice

The variety of different ways in which species within an ecosystem perform “jobs” that benefit the ecosystem and make it more resilient in the face of change is called _____.

• ecosystem diversity

• functional diversity

• species diversity

• genetic diversity

Multiple Choice

_____ diversity increases the chances that individuals will possess favorable traits needed to survive changing environmental conditions.

• Species

• Ecosystem

• Functional

• Genetic

Multiple Choice

_____ is one ecosystem service that is supported by biodiversity.

• Solar energy

• Pollination

• Medicine

• Fuel

Multiple Choice

By controlling the spread of vegetation and the balance of certain fish species, the American alligator serve as a(n) _____ in its ecosystem.

• keystone species

• indicator species

• endemic species

• invasive species

Multiple Choice

What term refers to a species that can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and often tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions?

• endemic species

• indicator species

• keystone species

• generalist species

Multiple Choice

A species that can serve as a “biological smoke alarm” regarding damage to its ecosystem is called a(n) ____.

• keystone species

• indicator species

• native species

• nonnative species

Multiple Choice

Scientists estimate that the fossils found thus far represent about ____ of all species that have ever lived.

• 1%

• 15%

• 50%

• 95%

Multiple Choice

The process of natural selection favors individuals that ____.

• have experienced many DNA mutations

• can survive existing environmental conditions

• leave behind the fewest offspring

• do not have genetic resistance

Multiple Choice

Adaptation through natural selection is limited because it requires ____.

• the absence of mutations

• slow rates of reproduction

• low genetic diversity

• genetic traits to exist in a gene pool

Multiple Choice

Along with Charles Darwin, Wallace also proposed the concept of ____ as a mechanism for biological evolution.

• mass extinction

• artificial selection

• natural selection

• crossbreeding

Multiple Choice

Each of Earth’s mass extinctions ____.

• was a result of human activities

• caused a drop in background extinction rates

• was followed by a decrease in biodiversity

• wiped out at least half of Earth’s existing species

Multiple Choice

Reproductive isolation is a condition that leads to ____.

• crossbreeding

• artificial selection

• genetic engineering

• speciation

Multiple Choice

Species found in only one area are called ____ and are more vulnerable to extinction than species found in many areas.

• nonnative species

• endemic species

• exotic species

• invasive species

Multiple Choice

Selective breeding is one way to carry out ______.

• artificial selection

• natural selection

• synthetic biology

• geographic isolation

Multiple Choice

Southern sea otters are keystone species that are important to the ______ ecosystems in which they live.

• deciduous forest

• open ocean

• coniferous forest

• kelp forest

Multiple Choice

Competition between two oak trees for obtaining resources is an example of ______ within species.

• interspecific competition

• intraspecific competition

• commensalism

• parasitism

• mutualism

Open Ended

Which of the following is an example of resource partitioning?

Multiple Choice

What is the most common reason that one species would mimic the appearance of another species?

• to hide among a group of them

• to reduce competition

• to gain access to their resources

• to trick predators into avoiding them

• to sneak up on prey

Multiple Choice

Oxpecker birds feed on parasites that live on large animals like impala. The birds get a source of food and the predators get their parasites removed. This relationship is an example of ____.

• mutualism

• parasitism

• commensalism

• predation

• competition

Multiple Choice

Cattle egrets are often found foraging for food alongside grazing cattle. The cattle stir up insects for the egrets to eat but the cattle are unaffected by this. This relationship is an example of ____.

• predation

• mutualism

• competition

• parasitism

• commensalism

Open Ended

After a major forest fire, communities of plants and other organisms become reestablished after the area begins to build up a thin layer of soil. This is called ____.

Multiple Choice

Tropical rain forests seem to have a great deal of inertia, but not much ____ to restore species after they have been destroyed.

• biodiversity

• equilibrium

• stability

• complexity

• resilience

Multiple Choice

Because grasslands are less diverse than tropical forests and have deep root systems, after a fire they tend to exhibit ____ and ____.

• high inertia; low resilience

• no inertia; low resilience

• high inertia; high resilience

• low inertia; no resilience

• low inertia; high resilience

Multiple Choice

Which four factors govern changes in population size?

• Births, deaths, reproductive age, and longevity

• Births, immigration, biomass, and longevity

• Births, deaths, biomass, and immigration

• Births, deaths, immigration, and emigration

• Deaths, immigration, emigration, and biomass

Open Ended

A J-curve of population size identifies ________.

Open Ended

The sum of all limiting factors on population growth is called ________.

Multiple Choice

Which animal type could be described as r-selected?

• whales

• lions

• chimpanzees

• most insects

Multiple Choice

Which animal type provides an example of a late loss survivorship curve?

• many insects

• many fish

• most elephants

• small songbirds

Multiple Choice

Which example best illustrates the concept of climate?

• A drought this summer has severely impacted crops.

• Last Friday set a new record low temperature for March 12th.

• The spring has been unusually wet for the Midwest.

• Averaged over the last 30 years, the high temperature for June in an area is 82°F.

Open Ended

The Equator is warmer than the Poles because ____.

Open Ended

The Coriolis effect is the result of the ____.

Open Ended

As moist air blowing inland from an ocean reaches a mountain range, ____.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

• N2

• O2

• CH4

• H2O

Multiple Choice

About _____ of Earth's tropical rain forests have been destroyed by agriculture and _____.

• one-fourth; forest fires

• half; urban development

• three-fourths; pollution

• one-third; pollution

Multiple Choice

The greatest species diversity in an area tends to be found _____.

• at the transition zone between biomes

• at the center of the biome

• at the southern edge (in the Northern Hemisphere)

• at the northern edge (in the Northern Hemisphere)

Multiple Choice

Temperate deserts can be _____.

• wetter than most grasslands

• wetter during the winter than most forests

• hotter during the winter than in the summer

• hot during the day but cold at night

Multiple Choice

Most of the world’s forests are located in _____ regions.

• coastal

• arid

• river valley

• mountain

Multiple Choice

Which portion of the open ocean is defined as the brightly lit upper zone?

• littoral zone

• abyssal zone

• euphotic zone

• bathyal zone

Multiple Choice

Ocean, pond, lakes, and river systems are examples of ______ ecosystems.

• freshwater

• wetland

• saltwater

• aquatic

Multiple Choice

The burning of fossil fuels ______.

• prevents ocean acidification because it puts extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

• contributes to ocean acidification because it puts extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

• prevents ocean acidification because it stabilizes the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

• contributes to ocean acidification because it puts extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Multiple Choice

What river feature is found in the source zone?

• headwaters

• floodplain

• delta

• oxbow lake

Multiple Choice

Over time, many inland wetlands in the United States have ______.

• become more productive due to agricultural nutrient runoff

• formed in new locations due to increased flooding

• expanded as grassland soils become degraded

• been drained or filled to grow crops

Multiple Choice

Runoff of ______ from farms and lawns causes explosive blooms of algae that removes oxygen from nearby lakes.

• by-products

• salt water

• heavy metals

• nutrients